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-#+TITLE: Research: sandreas/zarch ZFSBootMenu Installation
-#+DATE: 2026-01-22
-#+AUTHOR: Research Notes
-
-* Overview
-
-This document summarizes research on the [[https://github.com/sandreas/zarch][sandreas/zarch]] GitHub repository for
-Arch Linux ZFS installation. The project uses ZFSBootMenu, native encryption,
-and automatic snapshots via zrepl.
-
-* Project Philosophy
-
-sandreas/zarch is described as a "single, non-modular file with some minor
-config profiles" - the author explicitly avoids a "modular multi-script beast."
-This contrasts with our more modular approach but offers useful patterns.
-
-** Key Features
-- ZFSBootMenu as bootloader (not GRUB)
-- Native ZFS encryption (AES-256-GCM)
-- Automatic snapshots via zrepl
-- EFI-only (no BIOS support)
-- Profile-based configuration
-
-* ZFSBootMenu Installation
-
-** Download and Install
-#+begin_src bash
-# Create EFI directory
-mkdir -p /efi/EFI/ZBM
-
-# Download latest ZFSBootMenu EFI binary
-wget -c https://get.zfsbootmenu.org/latest.EFI -O /efi/EFI/ZBM/ZFSBOOTMENU.EFI
-
-# Or use curl variant
-curl -o /boot/efi/EFI/ZBM/VMLINUZ.EFI -L https://get.zfsbootmenu.org/efi
-#+end_src
-
-** EFI Boot Entry Registration
-#+begin_src bash
-efibootmgr --disk $DISK --part 1 \
-    --create \
-    --label "ZFSBootMenu" \
-    --loader '\EFI\ZBM\ZFSBOOTMENU.EFI' \
-    --unicode "spl_hostid=$(hostid) zbm.timeout=3 zbm.prefer=zroot zbm.import_policy=hostid" \
-    --verbose
-#+end_src
-
-** Key ZFSBootMenu Parameters
-| Parameter              | Purpose                                        |
-|------------------------+------------------------------------------------|
-| zbm.timeout=N          | Seconds to wait before auto-booting default    |
-| zbm.prefer=POOL        | Preferred pool for default boot environment    |
-| zbm.import_policy      | Pool import strategy (hostid recommended)      |
-| zbm.skip               | Skip menu and boot default immediately         |
-| zbm.show               | Force menu display                             |
-| spl_hostid=0xXXXXXXXX  | Host ID for pool import validation             |
-
-** Kernel Command Line for Boot Environments
-#+begin_src bash
-# Set inherited command line on ROOT dataset
-zfs set org.zfsbootmenu:commandline="quiet loglevel=0" zroot/ROOT
-
-# Set pool bootfs property
-zpool set bootfs=zroot/ROOT/arch zroot
-#+end_src
-
-* Dataset Layout
-
-** zarch Dataset Structure
-#+begin_example
-$POOL                    mountpoint=none
-$POOL/ROOT               mountpoint=none (container for boot environments)
-$POOL/ROOT/arch          mountpoint=/, canmount=noauto (active root)
-$POOL/home               mountpoint=/home (shared across boot environments)
-#+end_example
-
-** Comparison: Our archzfs Dataset Structure
-#+begin_example
-zroot                    mountpoint=none, canmount=off
-zroot/ROOT               mountpoint=none, canmount=off
-zroot/ROOT/default       mountpoint=/, canmount=noauto, reservation=5-20G
-zroot/home               mountpoint=/home
-zroot/home/root          mountpoint=/root
-zroot/media              mountpoint=/media, compression=off
-zroot/vms                mountpoint=/vms, recordsize=64K
-zroot/var                mountpoint=/var, canmount=off
-zroot/var/log            mountpoint=/var/log
-zroot/var/cache          mountpoint=/var/cache
-zroot/var/lib            mountpoint=/var/lib, canmount=off
-zroot/var/lib/pacman     mountpoint=/var/lib/pacman
-zroot/var/lib/docker     mountpoint=/var/lib/docker
-zroot/var/tmp            mountpoint=/var/tmp, auto-snapshot=false
-zroot/tmp                mountpoint=/tmp, auto-snapshot=false
-#+end_example
-
-** Key Differences
-- zarch: Minimal dataset layout (ROOT, home)
-- archzfs: Fine-grained datasets with workload-specific tuning
-- archzfs: Separate /var/log, /var/cache, /var/lib/docker
-- archzfs: recordsize=64K for VM storage
-- archzfs: compression=off for media (already compressed)
-
-* ZFS Pool Creation
-
-** zarch Pool Creation (with encryption)
-#+begin_src bash
-zpool create -f \
-    -o ashift=12 \
-    -O compression=lz4 \
-    -O acltype=posixacl \
-    -O xattr=sa \
-    -O relatime=off \
-    -O atime=off \
-    -O encryption=aes-256-gcm \
-    -O keylocation=prompt \
-    -O keyformat=passphrase \
-    -o autotrim=on \
-    -m none \
-    $POOL ${DISK}-part2
-#+end_src
-
-** Our archzfs Pool Creation (with encryption)
-#+begin_src bash
-zpool create -f \
-    -o ashift="$ASHIFT" \
-    -o autotrim=on \
-    -O acltype=posixacl \
-    -O atime=off \
-    -O canmount=off \
-    -O compression="$COMPRESSION" \
-    -O dnodesize=auto \
-    -O normalization=formD \
-    -O relatime=on \
-    -O xattr=sa \
-    -O encryption=aes-256-gcm \
-    -O keyformat=passphrase \
-    -O keylocation=prompt \
-    -O mountpoint=none \
-    -R /mnt \
-    "$POOL_NAME" $pool_config
-#+end_src
-
-** Key Differences
-| Option          | zarch             | archzfs               | Notes                           |
-|-----------------+-------------------+-----------------------+---------------------------------|
-| compression     | lz4               | zstd (configurable)   | zstd better ratio, more CPU     |
-| atime           | off               | off                   | Same                            |
-| relatime        | off               | on                    | archzfs uses relatime instead   |
-| dnodesize       | (default)         | auto                  | Better extended attribute perf  |
-| normalization   | (default)         | formD                 | Unicode consistency             |
-
-* Snapshot Automation
-
-** zarch: zrepl Configuration
-
-zarch uses zrepl for automated snapshots with this retention grid:
-
-#+begin_example
-1x1h(keep=4) | 24x1h(keep=1) | 7x1d(keep=1) | 4x1w(keep=1) | 12x4w(keep=1) | 1x53w(keep=1)
-#+end_example
-
-This means:
-- Keep 4 snapshots within the last hour
-- Keep 1 snapshot per hour for 24 hours
-- Keep 1 snapshot per day for 7 days
-- Keep 1 snapshot per week for 4 weeks
-- Keep 1 snapshot per 4 weeks for 12 periods (48 weeks)
-- Keep 1 snapshot per year
-
-#+begin_src yaml
-# Example zrepl.yml structure
-jobs:
-  - name: snapjob
-    type: snap
-    filesystems:
-      "zroot<": true
-    snapshotting:
-      type: periodic
-      interval: 15m
-      prefix: zrepl_
-    pruning:
-      keep:
-        - type: grid
-          grid: 1x1h(keep=all) | 24x1h | 14x1d
-          regex: "^zrepl_.*"
-        - type: regex
-          negate: true
-          regex: "^zrepl_.*"
-#+end_src
-
-** archzfs: Pacman Hook Approach
-
-Our approach uses pre-transaction snapshots:
-#+begin_src bash
-# /etc/pacman.d/hooks/zfs-snapshot.hook
-[Trigger]
-Operation = Upgrade
-Operation = Install
-Operation = Remove
-Type = Package
-Target = *
-
-[Action]
-Description = Creating ZFS snapshot before pacman transaction...
-When = PreTransaction
-Exec = /usr/local/bin/zfs-pre-snapshot
-#+end_src
-
-** Comparison: Snapshot Approaches
-| Feature           | zrepl (zarch)            | Pacman Hook (archzfs)        |
-|-------------------+--------------------------+------------------------------|
-| Trigger           | Time-based (15 min)      | Event-based (pacman)         |
-| Retention         | Complex grid policy      | Manual or sanoid             |
-| Granularity       | High (frequent)          | Package transaction focused  |
-| Recovery Point    | ~15 minutes              | Last package operation       |
-| Storage overhead  | Higher (more snapshots)  | Lower (fewer snapshots)      |
-
-** Alternative: sanoid (mentioned in archzfs)
-Sanoid provides similar functionality to zrepl with simpler configuration:
-#+begin_src ini
-# /etc/sanoid/sanoid.conf
-[zroot/ROOT/default]
-use_template = production
-recursive = yes
-
-[template_production]
-frequently = 0
-hourly = 24
-daily = 7
-weekly = 4
-monthly = 12
-yearly = 1
-autosnap = yes
-autoprune = yes
-#+end_src
-
-* EFI and Boot Partition Strategy
-
-** zarch: 512MB EFI, ZFSBootMenu
-- Single 512MB EFI partition (type EF00)
-- ZFSBootMenu EFI binary downloaded from upstream
-- No GRUB, no separate boot partition on ZFS
-- Kernel/initramfs stored on ZFS root (ZFSBootMenu reads them)
-
-** archzfs: 1GB EFI, GRUB with ZFS Support
-- 1GB EFI partition per disk
-- GRUB with ZFS module for pool access
-- Redundant EFI partitions synced via rsync
-- Boot files in EFI partition (not ZFS)
-
-** Trade-offs
-
-| Aspect              | ZFSBootMenu                    | GRUB + ZFS                   |
-|---------------------+--------------------------------+------------------------------|
-| Boot environment    | Native (designed for ZFS)      | Requires ZFS module          |
-| Snapshot booting    | Built-in, interactive          | Custom GRUB menu entries     |
-| Encryption          | Prompts for key automatically  | More complex setup           |
-| EFI space needed    | Minimal (~512MB)               | Larger (kernel/initramfs)    |
-| Complexity          | Simpler (single binary)        | More moving parts            |
-| Recovery            | Can browse/rollback at boot    | Requires grub.cfg regen      |
-
-* Pacman Hooks and Systemd Services
-
-** zarch Services
-#+begin_example
-zfs-import-cache
-zfs-import.target
-zfs-mount
-zfs-zed
-zfs.target
-set-locale-once.service  (custom first-boot locale config)
-#+end_example
-
-** archzfs Services
-#+begin_example
-zfs.target
-zfs-import-scan.service  (instead of cache-based)
-zfs-mount.service
-zfs-import.target
-NetworkManager
-avahi-daemon
-sshd
-#+end_example
-
-** Key Difference: Import Method
-- zarch: Uses zfs-import-cache (requires cachefile)
-- archzfs: Uses zfs-import-scan (scans with blkid, no cachefile needed)
-
-The scan method is simpler and more portable (works if moving disks between
-systems).
-
-* mkinitcpio Configuration
-
-** zarch Approach
-#+begin_src bash
-sed -i '/^HOOKS=/s/block filesystems/block zfs filesystems/g' /etc/mkinitcpio.conf
-#+end_src
-
-** archzfs Approach
-#+begin_src bash
-HOOKS=(base udev microcode modconf kms keyboard keymap consolefont block zfs filesystems)
-#+end_src
-
-** Important Notes
-- Both use busybox-based udev (not systemd hook)
-- archzfs explicitly removes autodetect to ensure all storage drivers included
-- archzfs removes fsck (ZFS doesn't use it)
-- archzfs includes microcode early loading
-
-* Useful Patterns to Consider
-
-** 1. Profile-Based Configuration
-zarch uses a profile directory system:
-#+begin_example
-default/
-  archpkg.txt      # Official packages
-  aurpkg.txt       # AUR packages
-  services.txt     # Services to enable
-  zarch.conf       # Core configuration
-  custom-chroot.sh # Custom post-install
-#+end_example
-
-This allows maintaining multiple configurations (desktop, server, VM) cleanly.
-
-** 2. ZFSBootMenu for Simpler Boot
-For future consideration:
-- Native ZFS boot environment support
-- Interactive snapshot selection at boot
-- Simpler encryption key handling
-- Smaller EFI partition needs
-
-** 3. zrepl for Time-Based Snapshots
-For systems needing frequent snapshots beyond pacman transactions:
-- 15-minute intervals for development machines
-- Complex retention policies
-- Replication to remote systems
-
-** 4. AUR Helper Installation Pattern
-#+begin_src bash
-# Build yay as regular user, install as root
-su -c "git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/yay-bin.git" "$USER_NAME"
-arch-chroot -u "$USER_NAME" /mnt makepkg -D /home/$USER_NAME/yay-bin -s
-pacman -U --noconfirm yay-bin-*.pkg.tar.*
-#+end_src
-
-* References
-
-- [[https://github.com/sandreas/zarch][sandreas/zarch GitHub Repository]]
-- [[https://zfsbootmenu.org/][ZFSBootMenu Official Site]]
-- [[https://docs.zfsbootmenu.org/en/latest/][ZFSBootMenu Documentation]]
-- [[https://zrepl.github.io/][zrepl Documentation]]
-- [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/ZFS][Arch Wiki: ZFS]]
-- [[https://github.com/acrion/zfs-autosnap][zfs-autosnap - Pre-upgrade Snapshots]]
-- [[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/pacman-zfs-hook][pacman-zfs-hook AUR Package]]
-- [[https://florianesser.ch/posts/20220714-arch-install-zbm/][Guide: Install Arch Linux on encrypted zpool with ZFSBootMenu]]
-
-* Action Items for archzfs
-
-Based on this research, potential improvements:
-
-1. [ ] Consider adding ZFSBootMenu as alternative bootloader option
-2. [ ] Evaluate zrepl for systems needing frequent time-based snapshots
-3. [ ] Document the grub-zfs-snap vs ZFSBootMenu trade-offs
-4. [ ] Consider profile-based configuration for different use cases
-5. [ ] Add sanoid configuration to archsetup for automated snapshot retention