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+  <h1 class="section">The eval Function</h1>    <p>The <code>eval</code> function is very special: it allows you to define new makefile constructs that are not constant; which are the result of evaluating other variables and functions. The argument to the <code>eval</code> function is expanded, then the results of that expansion are parsed as makefile syntax. The expanded results can define new <code>make</code> variables, targets, implicit or explicit rules, etc. </p> <p>The result of the <code>eval</code> function is always the empty string; thus, it can be placed virtually anywhere in a makefile without causing syntax errors. </p> <p>It’s important to realize that the <code>eval</code> argument is expanded <em>twice</em>; first by the <code>eval</code> function, then the results of that expansion are expanded again when they are parsed as makefile syntax. This means you may need to provide extra levels of escaping for “$” characters when using <code>eval</code>. The <code>value</code> function (see <a href="value-function">Value Function</a>) can sometimes be useful in these situations, to circumvent unwanted expansions. </p> <p>Here is an example of how <code>eval</code> can be used; this example combines a number of concepts and other functions. Although it might seem overly complex to use <code>eval</code> in this example, rather than just writing out the rules, consider two things: first, the template definition (in <code>PROGRAM_template</code>) could need to be much more complex than it is here; and second, you might put the complex, “generic” part of this example into another makefile, then include it in all the individual makefiles. Now your individual makefiles are quite straightforward. </p> <div class="example"> <pre class="example">PROGRAMS    = server client
+
+server_OBJS = server.o server_priv.o server_access.o
+server_LIBS = priv protocol
+
+client_OBJS = client.o client_api.o client_mem.o
+client_LIBS = protocol
+
+# Everything after this is generic
+
+.PHONY: all
+all: $(PROGRAMS)
+
+define PROGRAM_template =
+ $(1): $$($(1)_OBJS) $$($(1)_LIBS:%=-l%)
+ ALL_OBJS   += $$($(1)_OBJS)
+endef
+
+$(foreach prog,$(PROGRAMS),$(eval $(call PROGRAM_template,$(prog))))
+
+$(PROGRAMS):
+        $(LINK.o) $^ $(LDLIBS) -o $@
+
+clean:
+        rm -f $(ALL_OBJS) $(PROGRAMS)
+</pre>
+</div><div class="_attribution">
+  <p class="_attribution-p">
+    Copyright © 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <br>Licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.<br>
+    <a href="https://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/html_node/Eval-Function.html" class="_attribution-link">https://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/html_node/Eval-Function.html</a>
+  </p>
+</div>