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Concurrency support library

C includes built-in support for threads, atomic operations, mutual exclusion, condition variables, and thread-specific storages.

+

These features are optionally provided:

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See also _Atomic type specifier and qualifier.

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Threads

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Defined in header <threads.h>
thrd_t implementation-defined complete object type identifying a thread
+
(C11)
 creates a thread
(function)
+
(C11)
 checks if two identifiers refer to the same thread
(function)
+
(C11)
 obtains the current thread identifier
(function)
+
(C11)
 suspends execution of the calling thread for the given period of time
(function)
+
(C11)
 yields the current time slice
(function)
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(C11)
 terminates the calling thread
(function)
+
(C11)
 detaches a thread
(function)
+
(C11)
 blocks until a thread terminates
(function)
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(C11)
 indicates a thread error status
(constant)
thrd_start_t
+
(C11)
 a typedef of the function pointer type int(*)(void*), used by thrd_create
(typedef)

Atomic operations

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Defined in header <stdatomic.h>
Operations on atomic types
+
(C11)
 indicates that the given atomic type is lock-free
(macro constant)
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(C11)
 indicates whether the atomic object is lock-free
(function)
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(C11)
 stores a value in an atomic object
(function)
+
(C11)
 reads a value from an atomic object
(function)
+
(C11)
 swaps a value with the value of an atomic object
(function)
+
(C11)
 swaps a value with an atomic object if the old value is what is expected, otherwise reads the old value
(function)
+
(C11)
 atomic addition
(function)
+
(C11)
 atomic subtraction
(function)
+
(C11)
 atomic bitwise OR
(function)
+
(C11)
 atomic bitwise exclusive OR
(function)
+
(C11)
 atomic bitwise AND
(function)
Flag type and operations
+
(C11)
 lock-free atomic boolean flag
(struct)
+
(C11)
 sets an atomic_flag to true and returns the old value
(function)
+
(C11)
 sets an atomic_flag to false
(function)
Initialization
+
(C11)
 initializes an existing atomic object
(function)
+
(C11)(deprecated in C17)(removed in C23)
 initializes a new atomic object
(function macro)
+
(C11)
 initializes a new atomic_flag
(macro constant)
Memory synchronization ordering
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(C11)
 defines memory ordering constraints
(enum)
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(C11)
 breaks a dependency chain for memory_order_consume
(function macro)
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(C11)
 generic memory order-dependent fence synchronization primitive
(function)
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(C11)
 fence between a thread and a signal handler executed in the same thread
(function)
Convenience type aliases
Typedef name Full type name
atomic_bool(C11) _Atomic _Bool
atomic_char(C11) _Atomic char
atomic_schar(C11) _Atomic signed char
atomic_uchar(C11) _Atomic unsigned char
atomic_short(C11) _Atomic short
atomic_ushort(C11) _Atomic unsigned short
atomic_int(C11) _Atomic int
atomic_uint(C11) _Atomic unsigned int
atomic_long(C11) _Atomic long
atomic_ulong(C11) _Atomic unsigned long
atomic_llong(C11) _Atomic long long
atomic_ullong(C11) _Atomic unsigned long long
atomic_char8_t(C23) _Atomic char8_t
atomic_char16_t(C11) _Atomic char16_t
atomic_char32_t(C11) _Atomic char32_t
atomic_wchar_t(C11) _Atomic wchar_t
atomic_int_least8_t(C11) _Atomic int_least8_t
atomic_uint_least8_t(C11) _Atomic uint_least8_t
atomic_int_least16_t(C11) _Atomic int_least16_t
atomic_uint_least16_t(C11) _Atomic uint_least16_t
atomic_int_least32_t(C11) _Atomic int_least32_t
atomic_uint_least32_t(C11) _Atomic uint_least32_t
atomic_int_least64_t(C11) _Atomic int_least64_t
atomic_uint_least64_t(C11) _Atomic uint_least64_t
atomic_int_fast8_t(C11) _Atomic int_fast8_t
atomic_uint_fast8_t(C11) _Atomic uint_fast8_t
atomic_int_fast16_t(C11) _Atomic int_fast16_t
atomic_uint_fast16_t(C11) _Atomic uint_fast16_t
atomic_int_fast32_t(C11) _Atomic int_fast32_t
atomic_uint_fast32_t(C11) _Atomic uint_fast32_t
atomic_int_fast64_t(C11) _Atomic int_fast64_t
atomic_uint_fast64_t(C11) _Atomic uint_fast64_t
atomic_intptr_t(C11) _Atomic intptr_t
atomic_uintptr_t(C11) _Atomic uintptr_t
atomic_size_t(C11) _Atomic size_t
atomic_ptrdiff_t(C11) _Atomic ptrdiff_t
atomic_intmax_t(C11) _Atomic intmax_t
atomic_uintmax_t(C11) _Atomic uintmax_t

Mutual exclusion

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Defined in header <threads.h>
mtx_t mutex identifier
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(C11)
 creates a mutex
(function)
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(C11)
 blocks until locks a mutex
(function)
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(C11)
 blocks until locks a mutex or times out
(function)
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(C11)
 locks a mutex or returns without blocking if already locked
(function)
+
(C11)
 unlocks a mutex
(function)
+
(C11)
 destroys a mutex
(function)
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(C11)(C11)(C11)
 defines the type of a mutex
(enum)
Call once
+
(C11)
 calls a function exactly once
(function)

Condition variables

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Defined in header <threads.h>
cnd_t condition variable identifier
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(C11)
 creates a condition variable
(function)
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(C11)
 unblocks one thread blocked on a condition variable
(function)
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(C11)
 unblocks all threads blocked on a condition variable
(function)
+
(C11)
 blocks on a condition variable
(function)
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(C11)
 blocks on a condition variable, with a timeout
(function)
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(C11)
 destroys a condition variable
(function)

Thread-local storage

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Defined in header <threads.h>
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(C11)(removed in C23)
 convenience macro for storage-class specifier _Thread_local
(keyword macro)
tss_t thread-specific storage pointer
+
(C11)
 maximum number of times destructors are called
(macro constant)
tss_dtor_t
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(C11)
 function pointer type void(*)(void*), used for TSS destructor
(typedef)
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(C11)
 creates thread-specific storage pointer with a given destructor
(function)
+
(C11)
 reads from thread-specific storage
(function)
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(C11)
 write to thread-specific storage
(function)
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(C11)
 releases the resources held by a given thread-specific pointer
(function)

Reserved identifiers

In future revisions of the C standard:

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Identifiers reserved for functions names are always potentially(since C23) reserved for use as identifiers with external linkage, while other identifiers list here are potentially(since C23) reserved when <stdatomic.h> is included.

+

Declaring, defining, or #undefing such an identifier results in undefined behavior if it is provided by the standard or implementation(since C23). Portable programs should not use those identifiers.

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References

See also

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C++ documentation for Concurrency support library
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+GNU GCC Libc Manual: ISO C Mutexes
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+ © cppreference.com
Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike Unported License v3.0.
+ https://en.cppreference.com/w/c/thread +

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