Defined in header <math.h> | ||
|---|---|---|
float powf( float base, float exponent ); | (1) | (since C99) |
double pow( double base, double exponent ); | (2) | |
long double powl( long double base, long double exponent ); | (3) | (since C99) |
Defined in header <tgmath.h> | ||
#define pow( base, exponent ) | (4) | (since C99) |
base raised to the power exponent.long double, powl is called. Otherwise, if any argument has integer type or has type double, pow is called. Otherwise, powf is called. If at least one argument is complex or imaginary, then the macro invokes the corresponding complex function (cpowf, cpow, cpowl).| base | - | base as floating point value |
| exponent | - | exponent as floating point value |
If no errors occur, base raised to the power of exponent (baseexponent) is returned.
If a domain error occurs, an implementation-defined value is returned (NaN where supported).
If a pole error or a range error due to overflow occurs, ±HUGE_VAL, ±HUGE_VALF, or ±HUGE_VALL is returned.
If a range error occurs due to underflow, the correct result (after rounding) is returned.
Errors are reported as specified in math_errhandling.
If base is finite and negative and exponent is finite and non-integer, a domain error occurs and a range error may occur.
If base is zero and exponent is zero, a domain error may occur.
If base is zero and exponent is negative, a domain error or a pole error may occur.
If the implementation supports IEEE floating-point arithmetic (IEC 60559),
pow(+0, exponent), where exponent is a negative odd integer, returns +∞ and raises FE_DIVBYZERO pow(-0, exponent), where exponent is a negative odd integer, returns -∞ and raises FE_DIVBYZERO pow(±0, exponent), where exponent is negative, finite, and is an even integer or a non-integer, returns +∞ and raises FE_DIVBYZERO pow(±0, -∞) returns +∞ and may raise FE_DIVBYZERO(until C23) pow(+0, exponent), where exponent is a positive odd integer, returns +0 pow(-0, exponent), where exponent is a positive odd integer, returns -0 pow(±0, exponent), where exponent is positive non-integer or a positive even integer, returns +0 pow(-1, ±∞) returns 1 pow(+1, exponent) returns 1 for any exponent, even when exponent is NaN pow(base, ±0) returns 1 for any base, even when base is NaN pow(base, exponent) returns NaN and raises FE_INVALID if base is finite and negative and exponent is finite and non-integer. pow(base, -∞) returns +∞ for any |base|<1 pow(base, -∞) returns +0 for any |base|>1 pow(base, +∞) returns +0 for any |base|<1 pow(base, +∞) returns +∞ for any |base|>1 pow(-∞, exponent) returns -0 if exponent is a negative odd integer pow(-∞, exponent) returns +0 if exponent is a negative non-integer or negative even integer pow(-∞, exponent) returns -∞ if exponent is a positive odd integer pow(-∞, exponent) returns +∞ if exponent is a positive non-integer or positive even integer pow(+∞, exponent) returns +0 for any negative exponent pow(+∞, exponent) returns +∞ for any positive exponent Although pow cannot be used to obtain a root of a negative number, cbrt is provided for the common case where exponent is 1/3.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fenv.h>
#pragma STDC FENV_ACCESS ON
int main(void)
{
// typical usage
printf("pow(2, 10) = %f\n", pow(2,10));
printf("pow(2, 0.5) = %f\n", pow(2,0.5));
printf("pow(-2, -3) = %f\n", pow(-2,-3));
// special values
printf("pow(-1, NAN) = %f\n", pow(-1,NAN));
printf("pow(+1, NAN) = %f\n", pow(+1,NAN));
printf("pow(INFINITY, 2) = %f\n", pow(INFINITY, 2));
printf("pow(INFINITY, -1) = %f\n", pow(INFINITY, -1));
// error handling
errno = 0; feclearexcept(FE_ALL_EXCEPT);
printf("pow(-1, 1/3) = %f\n", pow(-1, 1.0/3));
if(errno == EDOM) perror(" errno == EDOM");
if(fetestexcept(FE_INVALID)) puts(" FE_INVALID raised");
feclearexcept(FE_ALL_EXCEPT);
printf("pow(-0, -3) = %f\n", pow(-0.0, -3));
if(fetestexcept(FE_DIVBYZERO)) puts(" FE_DIVBYZERO raised");
}Possible output:
pow(2, 10) = 1024.000000
pow(2, 0.5) = 1.414214
pow(-2, -3) = -0.125000
pow(-1, NAN) = nan
pow(+1, NAN) = 1.000000
pow(INFINITY, 2) = inf
pow(INFINITY, -1) = 0.000000
pow(-1, 1/3) = -nan
errno == EDOM: Numerical argument out of domain
FE_INVALID raised
pow(-0, -3) = -inf
FE_DIVBYZERO raised|
(C99)(C99) | computes square root (\(\small{\sqrt{x} }\)√x) (function) |
|
(C99)(C99)(C99) | computes cube root (\(\small{\sqrt[3]{x} }\)3√x) (function) |
|
(C99)(C99)(C99) | computes square root of the sum of the squares of two given numbers (\(\scriptsize{\sqrt{x^2+y^2} }\)√x2+y2) (function) |
|
(C99)(C99)(C99) | computes the complex power function (function) |
C++ documentation for pow |
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