devdocs/python~3.12/library%2Fcrypto.html


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 <span id="crypto"></span><h1>Cryptographic Services</h1> <p id="index-0">The modules described in this chapter implement various algorithms of a cryptographic nature. They are available at the discretion of the installation. On Unix systems, the <a class="reference internal" href="crypt#module-crypt" title="crypt: The crypt() function used to check Unix passwords. (deprecated) (Unix)"><code>crypt</code></a> module may also be available. Here’s an overview:</p>  <ul> <li class="toctree-l1">
<a class="reference internal" href="hashlib"><code>hashlib</code> — Secure hashes and message digests</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="hashlib#hash-algorithms">Hash algorithms</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="hashlib#usage">Usage</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="hashlib#constructors">Constructors</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="hashlib#attributes">Attributes</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="hashlib#hash-objects">Hash Objects</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="hashlib#shake-variable-length-digests">SHAKE variable length digests</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="hashlib#file-hashing">File hashing</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="hashlib#key-derivation">Key derivation</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2">
<a class="reference internal" href="hashlib#blake2">BLAKE2</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="hashlib#creating-hash-objects">Creating hash objects</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="hashlib#constants">Constants</a></li> <li class="toctree-l3">
<a class="reference internal" href="hashlib#examples">Examples</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="hashlib#simple-hashing">Simple hashing</a></li> <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="hashlib#using-different-digest-sizes">Using different digest sizes</a></li> <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="hashlib#keyed-hashing">Keyed hashing</a></li> <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="hashlib#randomized-hashing">Randomized hashing</a></li> <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="hashlib#personalization">Personalization</a></li> <li class="toctree-l4"><a class="reference internal" href="hashlib#tree-mode">Tree mode</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="hashlib#credits">Credits</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="hmac"><code>hmac</code> — Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1">
<a class="reference internal" href="secrets"><code>secrets</code> — Generate secure random numbers for managing secrets</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="secrets#random-numbers">Random numbers</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2">
<a class="reference internal" href="secrets#generating-tokens">Generating tokens</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="secrets#how-many-bytes-should-tokens-use">How many bytes should tokens use?</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="secrets#other-functions">Other functions</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="secrets#recipes-and-best-practices">Recipes and best practices</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul>  <div class="_attribution">
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    &copy; 2001&ndash;2023 Python Software Foundation<br>Licensed under the PSF License.<br>
    <a href="https://docs.python.org/3.12/library/crypto.html" class="_attribution-link">https://docs.python.org/3.12/library/crypto.html</a>
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