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Word Designators

Word designators are used to select desired words from the event. A ‘:’ separates the event specification from the word designator. It may be omitted if the word designator begins with a ‘^’, ‘$’, ‘*’, ‘-’, or ‘%’. Words are numbered from the beginning of the line, with the first word being denoted by 0 (zero). Words are inserted into the current line separated by single spaces.

For example,

!!
-

designates the preceding command. When you type this, the preceding command is repeated in toto.

!!:$
-

designates the last argument of the preceding command. This may be shortened to !$.

!fi:2

designates the second argument of the most recent command starting with the letters fi.

Here are the word designators:

0 (zero)
-

The 0th word. For many applications, this is the command word.

n
-

The nth word.

^
-

The first argument; that is, word 1.

$
-

The last argument.

%
-

The first word matched by the most recent ‘?string?’ search, if the search string begins with a character that is part of a word.

x-y
-

A range of words; ‘-y’ abbreviates ‘0-y’.

*
-

All of the words, except the 0th. This is a synonym for ‘1-$’. It is not an error to use ‘*’ if there is just one word in the event; the empty string is returned in that case.

x*
-

Abbreviates ‘x-$’

x-
-

Abbreviates ‘x-$’ like ‘x*’, but omits the last word. If ‘x’ is missing, it defaults to 0.

If a word designator is supplied without an event specification, the previous command is used as the event.

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- Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.
- https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Word-Designators.html -

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