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Error handling

Error numbers

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Defined in header <errno.h>
macro which expands to POSIX-compatible thread-local error number variable
(macro variable)
macros for standard POSIX-compatible error conditions
(macro constant)

Assertions

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Defined in header <assert.h>
aborts the program if the user-specified condition is not true. May be disabled for release builds
(function macro)
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(C11)(removed in C23)
issues a compile-time diagnostic if the value of a constant expression is false
(keyword macro)
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Bounds checking

The standard library provides bounds-checked versions of some existing functions (gets_s, fopen_s, printf_s, strcpy_s, wcscpy_s, mbstowcs_s, qsort_s, getenv_s, etc). This functionality is optional and is only available if __STDC_LIB_EXT1__ is defined. The following macros and functions support this functionality.

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Defined in header <errno.h>
Defined in header <stdio.h>
errno_t
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(C11)
a typedef for the type int, used to self-document functions that return errno values
(typedef)
Defined in header <stddef.h>
Defined in header <stdio.h>
Defined in header <stdlib.h>
Defined in header <string.h>
Defined in header <time.h>
Defined in header <wchar.h>
rsize_t
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(C11)
a typedef for the same type as size_t, used to self-document functions that range-check their parameters at runtime
(typedef)
Defined in header <stdint.h>
RSIZE_MAX
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(C11)
largest acceptable size for bounds-checked functions, expands to either constant or variable which may change at runtime (e.g. as the currently allocated memory size changes)
(macro variable)
Defined in header <stdlib.h>
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(C11)
set the error callback for bounds-checked functions
(function)
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(C11)
abort callback for the bounds-checked functions
(function)
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(C11)
ignore callback for the bounds-checked functions
(function)

Note: implementations of bounds-checked functions are available as open-source libraries Safe C and Slibc, and as part of Watcom C. There is also an incompatible set of bounds-checked functions available in Visual Studio.

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(since C11)

Notes

Since C23, static_assert is itself a keyword, which may also be a predefined macro, so <assert.h> no longer provides it.

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References

See also

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(C99)(C99)(C99)
defines the error handling mechanism used by the common mathematical functions
(macro constant)
C++ documentation for Error handling
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- © cppreference.com
Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike Unported License v3.0.
- https://en.cppreference.com/w/c/error -

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