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if statement

Conditionally executes code.

-

Used where code needs to be executed only if some condition is true.

-

Syntax

- - -
attr-spec-seq(optional) if ( expression ) statement-true (1)
attr-spec-seq(optional) if ( expression ) statement-true else statement-false (2)
- - - - -
attr-spec-seq - (C23)optional list of attributes, applied to the if statement
expression - an expression of any scalar type
statement-true - any statement (often a compound statement), which is executed if expression compares not equal to ​0​
statement-false - any statement (often a compound statement), which is executed if expression compares equal to ​0​

Explanation

expression must be an expression of any scalar type.

-

If expression compares not equal to the integer zero, statement-true is executed.

-

In the form (2), if expression compares equal to the integer zero, statement_false is executed.

- - -

As with all other selection and iteration statements, the entire if-statement has its own block scope:

-
enum {a, b};
-int different(void)
-{
-    if (sizeof(enum {b, a}) != sizeof(int))
-        return a; // a == 1
-    return b; // b == 0 in C89, b == 1 in C99
-}
 (since C99)

Notes

The else is always associated with the closest preceding if (in other words, if statement-true is also an if statement, then that inner if statement must contain an else part as well):

-
int j = 1;
-if (i > 1)
-   if(j > 2)
-       printf("%d > 1 and %d > 2\n", i, j);
-    else // this else is part of if(j>2), not part of if(i>1) 
-       printf("%d > 1 and %d <= 2\n", i, j);

If statement-true is entered through a goto, statement-false is not executed.

-

Keywords

if, else

-

Example

#include <stdio.h>
- 
-int main(void)
-{
-    int i = 2;
-    if (i > 2) {
-        printf("first is true\n");
-    } else {
-        printf("first is false\n");
-    }
- 
-    i = 3;
-    if (i == 3) printf("i == 3\n");
- 
-    if (i != 3) printf("i != 3 is true\n");
-    else        printf("i != 3 is false\n");
-}

Output:

-
first is false
-i == 3
-i != 3 is false

References

See also

-
C++ documentation for if statement
-

- © cppreference.com
Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike Unported License v3.0.
- https://en.cppreference.com/w/c/language/if -

-
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