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|
;;; chess-polyglot.el --- Polyglot chess book access for Emacs -*- lexical-binding: t; -*-
;; Copyright (C) 2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
;; Author: Mario Lang <mlang@delysid.org>
;; Keywords: data, games
;; This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
;; (at your option) any later version.
;; This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
;; GNU General Public License for more details.
;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
;; along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
;;; Commentary:
;; The polyglot book format uses a 64 bit zorbist hash to encode positions.
;; Since 2 bits are used for tagging in Emacs Lisp, 64 bit values can not be
;; represented as fixnums. So we split the 64 bit value up into equally sized
;; chunks (32 bit fixnums for now). 781 predefined zorbist hash keys are
;; stored as constants (see `chess-polyglot-zorbist-keys') and used to calculate
;; zorbist hashes from positions.
;; Binary search is employed to quickly find all the moves from a certain
;; position. These moves are converted to proper chess ply objects (see
;; chess-ply.el).
;; The most interesting functions provided by this file are
;; `chess-polyglot-book-open', `chess-polyglot-book-plies',
;; `chess-polyglot-book-ply' and `chess-polyglot-book-close'.
;; For a detailed description of the polyglot book format, see
;; <URL:http://hardy.uhasselt.be/Toga/book_format.html> or
;; <URL:http://hgm.nubati.net/book_format.html>.
;;; Code:
(require 'cl-lib)
(require 'chess-ply)
(require 'chess-pos)
(defgroup chess-polyglot ()
"Polyglot opening book support."
:group 'chess)
(defcustom chess-polyglot-book-strength 1.0
"Influence random distribution when picking a ply from the book.
A value above 1.0 means to prefer known good moves while a value below
1.0 means to penalize known good moves. 0.0 will force uniform
distribution of move weights. For reasons of numerical overflow,
this should be strictly less than 4.0."
:group 'chess-polyglot
:type '(float :match (lambda (widget value) (and (>= value 0) (< value 4)))))
(defvar chess-polyglot-book nil
"The default polyglot book object.
This is automatically set if `chess-polyglot-book-file' points to a valid
polyglot book file.")
(defsubst chess-polyglot-read-octets (n)
"Read N octets from the current buffer and advance point."
(let ((val 0))
(dotimes (_ n (progn (cl-assert (<= val most-positive-fixnum)) val))
(setq val (logior (lsh val 8)
(progn (forward-char 1) (preceding-char)))))))
(defsubst chess-polyglot-read-key ()
"Read a polyglot position hash (a 64 bit value) from the current buffer.
A `cons' with the most significant 32 bits in `car' and the least significant
32 bits in `cdr' is returned."
(cons (chess-polyglot-read-octets 4) (chess-polyglot-read-octets 4)))
(defun chess-polyglot-read-move ()
"Read a polyglot move (a 32 bit value) from the current buffer.
The result is a list of the form (FROM-INDEX TO-INDEX PROMOTION WEIGHT)."
(let ((mask (chess-polyglot-read-octets 2)))
(pcase (let (r)
(dotimes (_ 5 r)
(push (logand mask 7) r)
(setq mask (ash mask -3))))
(`(,promotion ,from-rank ,from-file ,to-rank ,to-file)
(list (chess-rf-to-index (- 7 from-rank) from-file)
(chess-rf-to-index (- 7 to-rank) to-file)
(nth promotion '(nil ?N ?B ?R ?Q))
(chess-polyglot-read-octets 2))))))
(defun chess-polyglot-move-to-ply (position from to promotion weight)
"Convert a polyglot move for POSITION to a ply.
FROM and TO are integers indicating the square indices.
PROMOTION, if non-nil, indicates the piece to promote to.
WEIGHT (an integer) is the relative weight of the move."
(cl-assert (vectorp position))
(cl-assert (and (integerp from) (>= from 0) (< from 64)))
(cl-assert (and (integerp to) (>= to 0) (< to 64)))
(cl-assert (memq promotion '(nil ?N ?B ?R ?Q)))
(cl-assert (integerp weight))
(let* ((color (chess-pos-side-to-move position))
(ply (apply #'chess-ply-create position nil
(if (and (= from (chess-rf-to-index (if color 7 0) 4))
(= from (chess-pos-king-index position color))
(= (chess-index-rank from) (chess-index-rank to))
(memq (chess-index-file to) '(0 7)))
(chess-ply-castling-changes
position (= (chess-index-file to) 0))
(nconc (list from to)
(when promotion (list :promote promotion)))))))
(chess-ply-set-keyword ply :polyglot-book-weight weight)
ply))
(defsubst chess-polyglot-skip-learn ()
"Skip the (unused) 32 bit learn value."
(forward-char 4))
(defconst chess-polyglot-record-size 16
"The size (in bytes) of a polyglot book entry.")
(defsubst chess-polyglot-goto-record (record)
"Set point to the beginning of RECORD, a number starting from 0."
(goto-char (1+ (* record chess-polyglot-record-size))))
(defsubst chess-polyglot-forward-record (n)
"Move point N book records forward (backward if N is negative).
On reaching end or beginning of buffer, stop and signal error."
(forward-char (* n chess-polyglot-record-size)))
(defsubst chess-polyglot-key-<= (lhs rhs)
"Non-nil if the polyglot key LHS is less than or equal to RHS."
(or (< (car lhs) (car rhs))
(and (= (car lhs) (car rhs)) (<= (cdr lhs) (cdr rhs)))))
(defun chess-polyglot-read-moves (key)
"Read all moves associated with KEY from the current buffer."
(cl-assert (zerop (% (buffer-size) chess-polyglot-record-size)))
;; Find leftmost entry.
(let ((left 0) (right (1- (/ (buffer-size) chess-polyglot-record-size))))
(while (< left right)
(let ((middle (/ (+ left right) 2)))
(if (chess-polyglot-key-<= key (progn (chess-polyglot-goto-record middle)
(chess-polyglot-read-key)))
(setq right middle)
(setq left (1+ middle)))))
(cl-assert (= left right))
(chess-polyglot-goto-record left))
;; Read all entries with equal keys.
(let ((moves ()))
(while (equal key (chess-polyglot-read-key))
(setq moves (nconc moves (list (chess-polyglot-read-move))))
(chess-polyglot-skip-learn))
moves))
(defconst chess-polyglot-zorbist-keys
[(2637767806 . 863464769) (720845184 . 95069639) (1155203408 . 610415943)
(2618685246 . 1655139042) (1971536997 . 1218186377) (848342074 . 540017087)
(263957791 . 1627660921) (3896152207 . 4076560586) (226391645 . 1484086288)
(436746274 . 3467632685) (2516964848 . 3797861296) (3491888988 . 3510251221)
(1086189917 . 1248276018) (18044180 . 1876255637) (1572111136 . 1190386149)
(597658413 . 2146900428) (97624494 . 2243205793) (1738507407 . 1854916977)
(1950989311 . 2149575947) (2098318769 . 3283594736) (2194108574 . 2015279052)
(4079062812 . 2500884588) (856979699 . 2941369318) (1270058469 . 3877737539)
(2858720366 . 3170717948) (2378012835 . 1387254795) (2278688587 . 2178388503)
(435406673 . 3555273441) (3031118064 . 1655806655) (2063925420 . 1107589828)
(3376753832 . 436852829) (615148625 . 1302492416) (1285502018 . 1963045959)
(346460119 . 1016137793) (2803604355 . 1176288659) (55085973 . 2968618255)
(1669016372 . 4287873088) (164740250 . 1037634196) (896886403 . 883023163)
(1935551383 . 2764331555) (410153072 . 4055711755) (533441746 . 1505690343)
(3541084098 . 3466290517) (3214426080 . 4267541060) (2675233103 . 1951705124)
(1374411850 . 3115986997) (1552073989 . 3684348154) (4244110986 . 875606593)
(844343081 . 3115990494) (2356462440 . 135999605) (3116133511 . 377238503)
(2129956651 . 2197966368) (299173332 . 3276914047) (1701379241 . 745972291)
(1306570996 . 254977976) (2530644806 . 214138461) (1122123979 . 1667800879)
(1831591130 . 3801192033) (1116211970 . 920967505) (1594837592 . 2551651254)
(972591349 . 2046373768) (2479207924 . 1935030411) (1675376029 . 2367888248)
(3960916618 . 3935874422) (1398143232 . 3265801671) (133930885 . 1520005442)
(1351827834 . 2829577566) (2076951437 . 2723839804) (435980918 . 2364847828)
(1668970368 . 3738157273) (2185864314 . 3993911799) (2041407829 . 31969768)
(346864372 . 2004703094) (4047877822 . 3437142421) (3669961416 . 538399484)
(616810829 . 4190688246) (3144558884 . 4030272234) (216165387 . 2513010905)
(2761740594 . 3216997572) (3919406634 . 4096014649) (669429112 . 2434161727)
(2234904640 . 3111407601) (1421079802 . 1598085235) (1924213810 . 310373675)
(4002762044 . 2067865415) (2592451728 . 2586110625) (1890340057 . 4031717877)
(4189625662 . 2577429954) (2276713138 . 3049850801) (2741429688 . 3310307512)
(2924122950 . 3426712818) (421576781 . 1193704381) (2277442246 . 3030264553)
(153237420 . 595540057) (4278711886 . 4176286928) (2380848297 . 4030514510)
(2618700582 . 1303682185) (3018992701 . 185284845) (957243316 . 1291916363)
(1543415220 . 1898408169) (504378001 . 531073412) (2591337657 . 1692896435)
(1333852064 . 903543556) (1661259930 . 188168388) (561112646 . 2197961224)
(1536910315 . 2632972300) (1349168372 . 2307429186) (411152329 . 2745631190)
(1694697476 . 1081411140) (3755185459 . 2631660711) (4019355068 . 4027326706)
(2066937809 . 3761668332) (3120395808 . 3878773315) (94890149 . 2109283191)
(3045629038 . 358812277) (1249184265 . 3465901047) (3477490924 . 2308583306)
(4114113436 . 3875911716) (1014604031 . 1434513279) (3991324799 . 2222416029)
(2040431088 . 1539915569) (2253613964 . 4081224332) (2547464012 . 1611168627)
(2722521980 . 4281500978) (71289574 . 213969824) (2450408597 . 903689630)
(1894451515 . 364024012) (1939968537 . 374938813) (1447259295 . 3785468557)
(4021046128 . 1664847745) (3139524504 . 3562928047) (1173487682 . 4065269608)
(2467266804 . 3907744866) (4284945151 . 3486998177) (2925674454 . 1953016432)
(3710671816 . 1271453948) (2129465869 . 1422863833) (587093076 . 18243356)
(3373793513 . 2411305257) (2156648078 . 1791034213) (3737413652 . 1534461430)
(468575139 . 2935304962) (1129551363 . 3603256834) (2861996892 . 1763494778)
(2826449619 . 2465197654) (1704209531 . 1014895022) (3738359347 . 3402630390)
(569410928 . 4095796581) (3021312909 . 2108247612) (2444777957 . 2664129360)
(282063667 . 3773661258) (682545472 . 3188439005) (3318488457 . 1917822038)
(1447622272 . 4045023041) (757420137 . 4038580915) (2613420942 . 4146703316)
(4012836163 . 150381244) (2938127093 . 3428591704) (1208226490 . 3086335530)
(2935205706 . 1446903363) (430957978 . 3830532479) (1381578755 . 3757172800)
(4109399782 . 1596778224) (288855589 . 1954372339) (3169178148 . 2256716053)
(2644780093 . 3895892303) (107966643 . 1071681559) (1304747544 . 2607225372)
(1359190711 . 1898207171) (3229237120 . 3273634996) (3027167685 . 3863637628)
(3011615298 . 2883984519) (564135827 . 978463264) (770797430 . 362326607)
(1983662611 . 1907583229) (4153656423 . 48268960) (3609759233 . 720080177)
(3727911466 . 1270989899) (200708787 . 2366086947) (744508026 . 393422515)
(1213261630 . 65757284) (3485747185 . 3845951003) (2958861301 . 1680248217)
(2598470344 . 3163845864) (2767997908 . 4233451722) (3881113485 . 1492930166)
(1773764017 . 2764062206) (4189435844 . 2898689174) (4234838742 . 1267095035)
(2624081078 . 3302114327) (2395569449 . 390426320) (1728307101 . 690284926)
(3309827454 . 1118258254) (2028172868 . 3888829086) (4271523049 . 909051386)
(146617804 . 942892565) (2467685867 . 974297806) (2483428231 . 503635829)
(3743260573 . 2018222096) (1002067894 . 2289153437) (3535252974 . 3738302271)
(4154611160 . 1002664952) (3623154244 . 2349656961) (3646679180 . 3524329383)
(862933752 . 4282853607) (2806008282 . 3272780913) (2734037942 . 3828874677)
(1328176304 . 2137666995) (2278785213 . 2780788825) (381286368 . 1816476193)
(2074232908 . 2316293454) (4087773386 . 3651330956) (967884669 . 3728964514)
(4239349185 . 3213509668) (419231360 . 1463788948) (1275421624 . 2672384707)
(1088456595 . 436245261) (2365565249 . 783696577) (1758083333 . 845223583)
(2048846183 . 3530914274) (2635948261 . 124738415) (940630937 . 3069598626)
(839474029 . 1253439921) (902477345 . 165479306) (2836079689 . 2681188273)
(2007115168 . 2093139645) (1363041891 . 1282466609) (1130479818 . 1063857938)
(3644959908 . 1260430427) (1385135238 . 46497915) (1386975934 . 3110156681)
(2635987502 . 4233461619) (1915744629 . 4117939016) (487743653 . 285736599)
(2049219159 . 3960249250) (69242857 . 3908563670) (1511066720 . 1488527520)
(215590039 . 1703564952) (1459430344 . 4184955468) (676103291 . 2642967214)
(83799035 . 3182827979) (1949179493 . 476101251) (2593534694 . 1493478716)
(2283504289 . 995211746) (1349412676 . 3449243940) (2954378677 . 1878813305)
(249149717 . 3329151870) (1578231917 . 1483986052) (4135085182 . 890874990)
(461755528 . 3505523909) (3669622373 . 634949665) (219487622 . 2914465301)
(2825233742 . 3703631897) (2479105382 . 2935590907) (2582097898 . 3187672881)
(1221328648 . 1843341402) (2140891889 . 3958868911) (1482849818 . 345750049)
(751922730 . 3178831411) (3546542069 . 4036458902) (216179596 . 877293293)
(444615341 . 3117393729) (2424254530 . 494454238) (1344234989 . 3003337991)
(929188581 . 2760877801) (2507911009 . 1879899982) (980166547 . 1311840394)
(3566535507 . 1790747461) (143525013 . 2311336672) (4181962471 . 4273938872)
(1815842366 . 862009811) (911175674 . 1179575598) (3591335374 . 3694215714)
(1452686093 . 3393294272) (385158879 . 2447709103) (4011414929 . 1264623507)
(1448477120 . 911094312) (3971299641 . 2289992053) (3133647265 . 2234591563)
(3007628400 . 964409938) (1708345684 . 3673411261) (3031964479 . 2843021794)
(3022128657 . 2480338599) (118850112 . 473449293) (2048127371 . 3202109429)
(3158349745 . 382018770) (1505327237 . 3807570472) (2568424029 . 3272693060)
(1866609495 . 3888556537) (844703982 . 1852802964) (3504617058 . 682636099)
(1448882679 . 3733580327) (821387540 . 2215744532) (3631471417 . 311618895)
(2077838877 . 2383929020) (3352949096 . 1688694420) (2491080787 . 3998672444)
(3368630402 . 4182204255) (983299419 . 2837414346) (3651215291 . 1033373924)
(265429091 . 3988955082) (3019003608 . 2896212153) (2955948456 . 3025235588)
(903690197 . 2266253487) (3925215275 . 89402958) (3959093811 . 3609545561)
(2455088053 . 223552128) (3115011301 . 2133669107) (1765081558 . 673805649)
(3324795129 . 2111392191) (3443871631 . 432345706) (3152559950 . 3425427147)
(3699649406 . 672784944) (3129545774 . 7668664) (2747044893 . 173040075)
(3925243406 . 852328481) (164095314 . 3161868591) (2234471571 . 1302682825)
(2164784335 . 105893718) (159995093 . 536831360) (599199451 . 425051327)
(3274759746 . 1680930461) (1192619331 . 3903085578) (2832721114 . 3078660237)
(91404660 . 4030521531) (3044880024 . 1578375623) (3906596030 . 754177855)
(803516785 . 1894094672) (288455592 . 2030430096) (2143232492 . 2317305324)
(388352703 . 3406060288) (2521731420 . 3588403719) (1043041227 . 4028028525)
(3195290851 . 2468913324) (4166724431 . 3168683191) (1228226538 . 968516529)
(500177583 . 3444787306) (533367442 . 4252082053) (4236023256 . 657816314)
(413575568 . 3367198397) (3435884549 . 3334062733) (1004255532 . 1135705894)
(2859513268 . 4170618274) (3914086821 . 1251487871) (3080761716 . 3489067886)
(3571165255 . 699353261) (773372954 . 3648014952) (769693293 . 2939128604)
(3116440923 . 507748478) (1687629160 . 3739431776) (2489486648 . 3502376324)
(3686847158 . 2878383449) (3530767427 . 902211375) (2121652637 . 2493976397)
(1827477891 . 930064171) (2549918411 . 4029725732) (2071415163 . 844118802)
(2236083679 . 3088894868) (2040110303 . 4144562891) (3489536313 . 1133419300)
(2190878435 . 2301466071) (2465915458 . 2448602097) (1675766804 . 2073834499)
(3329799896 . 1613253148) (1483966600 . 1348836071) (159505618 . 2527621997)
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"Zorbist hashes for polyglot.")
(defconst chess-polyglot-zorbist-piece-type '(?p ?P ?n ?N ?b ?B ?r ?R ?q ?Q ?k ?K)
"Map chess pieces to zorbist hash indexes.")
(defun chess-polyglot-pos-to-key (position)
"Calculate the polyglot zorbist hash for POSITION.
Uses 781 predefined hash values from `chess-polyglot-zorbist-keys'."
(cl-assert (vectorp position))
(let ((h32 0) (l32 0))
(dotimes (rank 8)
(dotimes (file 8)
(let ((piece (cl-position (chess-pos-piece position (chess-rf-to-index
rank file))
chess-polyglot-zorbist-piece-type)))
(when piece
(let ((piece-key (aref chess-polyglot-zorbist-keys
(+ (* 64 piece) (* (- 7 rank) 8) file))))
(setq h32 (logxor h32 (car piece-key))
l32 (logxor l32 (cdr piece-key))))))))
(let ((sides '(?K ?Q ?k ?q)))
(dolist (side sides)
(when (chess-pos-can-castle position side)
(let ((castle-key (aref chess-polyglot-zorbist-keys
(+ 768 (cl-position side sides)))))
(setq h32 (logxor h32 (car castle-key))
l32 (logxor l32 (cdr castle-key)))))))
;; TODO: en passant
(when (chess-pos-side-to-move position)
(let ((turn-key (aref chess-polyglot-zorbist-keys 780)))
(setq h32 (logxor h32 (car turn-key))
l32 (logxor l32 (cdr turn-key)))))
(cons h32 l32)))
;;; Public interface:
(defun chess-polyglot-book-open (file)
"Open a polyglot book FILE.
Returns a buffer object which contains the binary data."
(when (file-exists-p file)
(with-current-buffer (get-buffer-create (concat " *chess-polyglot " file "*"))
(erase-buffer)
(set-buffer-multibyte nil)
(insert-file-contents-literally file)
(when (and (fboundp 'zlib-decompress-region)
(goto-char (point-min))
(re-search-forward "\\`\037\213\\(.\\)\\(.\\)\\(.\\)\\(.\\)\\(.\\)\\(.\\)\\(.\\)\\(.\\)" nil t)
(pcase (list (aref (match-string 1) 0)
(aref (match-string 2) 0)
(logior (aref (match-string 3) 0)
(lsh (aref (match-string 4) 0) 8)
(lsh (aref (match-string 5) 0) 16)
(lsh (aref (match-string 6) 0) 24))
(aref (match-string 7) 0)
(aref (match-string 8) 0))
(`(,method ,_ ,modified-epoch ,_ ,from-fs)
(and (= method 8) (> modified-epoch 0) (< from-fs 16)))))
(zlib-decompress-region (point-min) (point-max)))
(cl-assert (zerop (% (buffer-size) chess-polyglot-record-size)))
(current-buffer))))
(defun chess-polyglot-book-plies (book position)
"Return a list of plies found in BOOK for POSITION.
The resulting list is ordered, most interesting plies come first.
The :polyglot-book-weight ply keyword is used to store the actual move weights.
Use `chess-ply-keyword' on elements of the returned list to retrieve them."
(cl-assert (bufferp book))
(cl-assert (vectorp position))
(let (plies)
(dolist (move
(with-current-buffer book
(chess-polyglot-read-moves (chess-polyglot-pos-to-key position)))
plies)
(let ((ply (apply #'chess-polyglot-move-to-ply position move)))
(when ply
(setq plies (nconc plies (list ply))))))))
(defun chess-polyglot-book-ply (book position &optional strength)
"If non-nil a (randomly picked) ply from plies in BOOK for POSITION.
Random distribution is defined by the relative weights of the found plies.
If non-nil, STRENGTH defines the bias towards better moves.
A value below 1.0 will penalize known good moves while a value
above 1.0 will prefer known good moves. The default is the value
of `chess-polyglot-book-strength'.
A strength value of 0.0 will completely ignore move weights and evenly
distribute the probability that a move gets picked."
(unless strength (setq strength chess-polyglot-book-strength))
(cl-assert (and (>= strength 0) (< strength 4)))
(cl-flet ((ply-weight (ply)
(round (expt (chess-ply-keyword ply :polyglot-book-weight)
strength))))
(let ((plies (chess-polyglot-book-plies book position)))
(when plies
(let ((random-value (random (cl-reduce #'+ (mapcar #'ply-weight plies))))
(max 0) ply)
(while plies
(if (< random-value (cl-incf max (ply-weight (car plies))))
(setq ply (car plies) plies nil)
(setq plies (cdr plies))))
(cl-assert ply)
ply)))))
(defalias 'chess-polyglot-book-close 'kill-buffer
"Close a polyglot book.")
(defun chess-polyglot-book-reload (symbol value)
(set symbol value)
(when (eq symbol 'chess-polyglot-book-file)
(setq chess-polyglot-book
(when chess-polyglot-book-file
(chess-polyglot-book-open chess-polyglot-book-file)))))
(defcustom chess-polyglot-book-file (expand-file-name "chess-polyglot.bin"
(file-name-directory
(or load-file-name
buffer-file-name)))
"Path to default polyglot book file.
This is used by UCI based engines as well as the internal AI."
:group 'chess-polyglot
:set 'chess-polyglot-book-reload
:type '(file :must-match t))
(provide 'chess-polyglot)
;;; chess-polyglot.el ends here
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