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@@ -690,3 +690,1345 @@ Captured On: [2025-06-05 Thu 09:44]
 ** consult recoll with live preview
 [[https://jao.io/blog/consult-recoll-with-live-preview.html][consult recoll with live preview]]
 Captured On: [2025-05-29 Thu 04:47]
+** [[https://opensource.com/article/18/6/sound-themes-linux][Sound themes in Linux: What every user should know | Opensource.com]]
+URL: https://opensource.com/article/18/6/sound-themes-linux
+Captured On:[2025-06-06 Fri 13:58]
+
+Like all modern operating systems, Linux has a set of specifications for sound themes. Sound themes are sets of similar sounds coordinated into themes that sound good together. They signal events such as switching to a different workspace, opening a new application, plugging and unplugging hardware, and alerting you when your battery is low or fully charged. The sounds that play is determined by which themes you have installed and which ones you’re currently using. If your desktop tries to play a sound your theme doesn’t have, it will play a sound from another sound theme if it can find one.
+
+How do I select a sound theme?
+
+This is where things can get tricky. Most desktops make it easy to select a sound theme, but some are more challenging, and others can't do this at all. I’ll detail the steps for [[https://mate-desktop.org/themes/][MATE]], my personal favorite desktop. If you use another desktop, consult your desktop’s help by pressing F1.
+
+MATE
+
+To select a sound theme in MATE, open the sound settings by either pressing Alt+F1, or right-arrowing to the Settings menu, down-arrowing to Preferences, right-arrowing twice to the Hardware menu and selecting the Sound menu item. If you have a Search menu installed, such as MATE menu or [[https://linuxmint.com/][Linux Mint]] menu, simply open that menu, search for "Sound settings," and press Enter on the first result. Once the dialog is opened, tab over to the "Sound theme" combo box and select your sound theme. If you want sounds for windows and buttons to play, check the checkbox; if not, clear it. Then press Close.
+
+How many sound themes are available in Linux?
+
+There are several sound theme options in Linux, but most are included only in select distros because those distro’s developers made the theme. There is only one theme available in all distros by default, as I'll discuss later in this article. If you want a sound theme that's not available in your distribution, you'll need to download it and copy it into the proper place. For all users, this folder is /usr/share/sounds; for your own personal use, it is ~/.local/share/sounds. Most sound themes can legally be used in any Linux distribution, including the sound themes in the [[https://www.ubuntu.com/][Ubuntu]], [[https://www.Linuxmint.com/][Linux Mint]], [[https://www.elementaryos.org/][elementary OS]] and [[https://www.trisquel.info/][Trisquel]] distributions.
+
+Where can I get sound themes?
+
+There are several websites dedicated to sound themes, desktop background themes, icon sets, and more. These include:
+
+Gnome-look
+
+In my opinion, [[https://www.gnome-look.org/][Gnome-look.org]] is the best site in terms of selection and variety. It hosts a wide variety of sound themes, icon sets, desktop
+themes, desktop backgrounds, and so on. Its name is misleading; the site works for all desktops, not just GNOME.
+
+Mate-Look
+
+[[https://www.mate-look.org/][Mate-Look.org]], another site specific to the MATE desktop, offers a smaller but still respectable collection of sound themes, icon sets,
+backgrounds, and more.
+
+Linux a11y sound theme
+
+This is the main sound theme for the Linux accessibility organization, and I maintain the site, which you can find at [[https://www.github.com/coffeeking/Linux-a11y-sound-theme][Linux-a11y-sound-theme]].
+All these sounds are free to use, and the entire sound theme is open source. It is a bit of a hodgepodge mixture, but it sounds decent.
+
+Chihuahua sound theme
+
+This theme is composed of various adorable sounds my chihuahua-Pekinese mix makes, recorded on GNU/Linux using various programs and
+converted into the proper formats. This sound theme can be cloned at git://github.com/coffeeking/chihuahua-sound-theme.
+
+Free desktop sound theme
+
+Available in all Linux distributions, this sound theme is usually installed along with your desktop of choice. I don’t have a link for this sound
+theme, but it is usually available in your package manager as "sound-theme-freedesktop" or something similar. This theme is meant to
+demonstrate what themes can do rather than as an all-inclusive theme.
+
+The bad
+
+While the selection of sound themes is quite good, there are some problems—not with the sound themes themselves, but with the knowledge
+of how sound themes work and how to create them. A common problem concerns people using sounds they are not legally allowed to use, such
+as the sounds included in Microsoft Windows operating systems. These sounds, which are licensed (usually by Creative Commons), are legal for
+use only with Windows; using them with Linux is illegal.
+
+To address this problem, websites that offer sound themes should include clear guidelines specifying what is and is not legal to post. They
+should also include credit guidelines so those who create sound themes receive credit when others use their sounds. Many users don't know
+where to find high-quality sounds, so they use what they know. The solution is to make accessible websites offering a wide selection of sounds
+with clear licenses so users understand how they can and can't use these sounds.
+
+I’ve detailed two such sites below, but these are not the only ones.
+
+SoundBible
+
+[[https://www.soundbible.com/][SoundBible]] offers a plethora of good sounds, most of which are the right length for short clip tasks, like desktop sounds. All are free, though not
+all are free to use commercially—check the specific license that comes with a sound for details.
+
+Freesound
+
+[[https://www.freesound.org/][Freesound]] also provides a wide variety of sound effects for desktop tasks and other uses. Both Freesound and SoundBible include clear licenses
+as well as author credits so users know who made the sound and what they can do with it. This cuts down on confusion and accidental (or
+deliberate) misuse of sounds.
+
+Theme and naming specifications
+
+A big problem in open source is that many users do not know how sound themes work or how to create them. To address this, below I will link to
+two specifications: sound theme specifications, which explain what should be included in a sound themes index.theme file (mandatory for all
+sound themes), and sound-naming guidelines, which detail how sounds should be named for your desktop to find and play them.
+
+Sound theme specs
+
+[[https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Specifications/sound-theme-spec/][This specification]] explains what’s in a sound theme’s index file, which is the file that describes the sound theme and lists the theme's name,
+what files it contains, and so on. Click on the html link under "The Sound Theme Spec" heading (ignore the "draft" comment; this specification
+is stable and has become standardized).
+
+Sound-naming specs
+
+[[https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Specifications/sound-theme-spec/][This specification]] explains how sounds should be named for your desktop to find and play them. Click on the html link under the "The Sound
+Naming Spec" heading (this also has a "draft" comment, and this theme is also standardized). The site also details what file format sounds
+should be in. If you come across a file that is not in a proper format, you can easily convert it using applications like [[https://www.soundconverter.org/][SoundConverter]] and
+[[https://www.ffmpeg.org/][FFmpeg]].
+
+Conclusion
+
+Like most things in open source, sound themes generally get little attention; most users don’t even notice that they are there. But for us
+visually impaired people and others who prefer unique computer experiences, sound themes provide a nice touch. Along with icon themes and
+desktop backgrounds, they showcase the talent and variety for which open source is famous. But it's important for users to understand how
+sound themes work and what they can and cannot do with them.
+
+I hope this article has been helpful. Looking forward to the next big sound theme!
+** [[https://rubin55.org/blog/running-arch-linux-on-the-framework-laptop-13/][Running Arch Linux on the Framework Laptop 13 - rubin55.org]]
+URL: https://rubin55.org/blog/running-arch-linux-on-the-framework-laptop-13/
+Captured On:[2025-06-06 Fri 14:27]
+[[https://rubin55.org/][Rubin Simons]]
+
+[[https://rubin55.org/blog/running-arch-linux-on-the-framework-laptop-13/][Running Arch Linux on the Framework Laptop 13]]
+
+July 31, 2023 27 minute read
+
+This article sums up why and how I run Arch Linux on [[https://rubin55.org/blog/why-i-am-getting-a-framework/][my new Framework Laptop 13]], which I received on the 3rd of this month.
+
+I’ve been busy getting up+running and getting to know the device. TL;DR; I’m extremely impressed and very happy with this laptop - it is by far
+one of the best devices I’ve owned in a long time. It is near-silent, It uses ~3watts at idle, it’s fast, it’s sturdy and it looks good!
+
+This is going to be quite a long article, so here’s a Table of Contents:
+
+• [[https://rubin55.org/blog/running-arch-linux-on-the-framework-laptop-13/#why-arch-linux][Why Arch Linux]]
+• [[https://rubin55.org/blog/running-arch-linux-on-the-framework-laptop-13/#bios-settings][BIOS settings]]
+• [[https://rubin55.org/blog/running-arch-linux-on-the-framework-laptop-13/#basic-installation][Basic installation]]
+
+ • [[https://rubin55.org/blog/running-arch-linux-on-the-framework-laptop-13/#additional-kernel-parameters-i-use][Additional kernel parameters I use]]
+
+• [[https://rubin55.org/blog/running-arch-linux-on-the-framework-laptop-13/#packages-i-install][Packages I install]]
+
+ • [[https://rubin55.org/blog/running-arch-linux-on-the-framework-laptop-13/#remove-if-you-dont-want-brltty][Remove if you don’t want brltty]]
+ • [[https://rubin55.org/blog/running-arch-linux-on-the-framework-laptop-13/#additionally-install-when-you-want-dynamic-application-of-power-management-settings][Additionally install when you want dynamic application of power management settings]]
+ • [[https://rubin55.org/blog/running-arch-linux-on-the-framework-laptop-13/#additionally-install-when-you-want-to-use-dracut-instead-of-mkinitcpio][Additionally install when you want to use dracut instead of mkinitcpio]]
+ • [[https://rubin55.org/blog/running-arch-linux-on-the-framework-laptop-13/#additionally-install-when-you-use-x11-instead-of-wayland-and-want-gestures][Additionally install when you use X11 instead of Wayland and want gestures]]
+ • [[https://rubin55.org/blog/running-arch-linux-on-the-framework-laptop-13/#additionally-install-on-devices-with-fingerprint-reader][Additionally install on devices with fingerprint reader]]
+ • [[https://rubin55.org/blog/running-arch-linux-on-the-framework-laptop-13/#additionally-install-on-devices-with-intel-graphics][Additionally install on devices with Intel graphics]]
+ • [[https://rubin55.org/blog/running-arch-linux-on-the-framework-laptop-13/#additionally-install-on-devices-with-amd-graphics][Additionally install on devices with AMD graphics]]
+ • [[https://rubin55.org/blog/running-arch-linux-on-the-framework-laptop-13/#additionally-install-on-devices-with-nvidia-graphics][Additionally install on devices with NVidia graphics]]
+ • [[https://rubin55.org/blog/running-arch-linux-on-the-framework-laptop-13/#installing-lib32-package-equivalents-optional][Installing lib32 package equivalents (optional)]]
+
+• [[https://rubin55.org/blog/running-arch-linux-on-the-framework-laptop-13/#service-configuration][Service configuration]]
+
+ • [[https://rubin55.org/blog/running-arch-linux-on-the-framework-laptop-13/#displaylink][DisplayLink]]
+ • [[https://rubin55.org/blog/running-arch-linux-on-the-framework-laptop-13/#cpupower][CpuPower]]
+ • [[https://rubin55.org/blog/running-arch-linux-on-the-framework-laptop-13/#avahi][Avahi]]
+ • [[https://rubin55.org/blog/running-arch-linux-on-the-framework-laptop-13/#bluetooth][Bluetooth]]
+ • [[https://rubin55.org/blog/running-arch-linux-on-the-framework-laptop-13/#gdm][GDM]]
+ • [[https://rubin55.org/blog/running-arch-linux-on-the-framework-laptop-13/#libvirtd][Libvirtd]]
+ • [[https://rubin55.org/blog/running-arch-linux-on-the-framework-laptop-13/#systemd-networkd-and-iwd][Systemd-networkd and iwd]]
+
+ • [[https://rubin55.org/blog/running-arch-linux-on-the-framework-laptop-13/#setting-up-an-ethernet-device-with-dhcp][Setting up an ethernet device with DHCP]]
+ • [[https://rubin55.org/blog/running-arch-linux-on-the-framework-laptop-13/#setting-up-a-bridge-device-with-dhcp][Setting up a bridge device with DHCP]]
+ • [[https://rubin55.org/blog/running-arch-linux-on-the-framework-laptop-13/#setting-up-a-wireless-device-with-dhcp][Setting up a wireless device with DHCP]]
+ • [[https://rubin55.org/blog/running-arch-linux-on-the-framework-laptop-13/#enable-systemd-networkd-and-iwd-services][Enable systemd-networkd and iwd services]]
+
+ • [[https://rubin55.org/blog/running-arch-linux-on-the-framework-laptop-13/#openssl][OpenSSL]]
+ • [[https://rubin55.org/blog/running-arch-linux-on-the-framework-laptop-13/#nfsv4][NFSv4]]
+ • [[https://rubin55.org/blog/running-arch-linux-on-the-framework-laptop-13/#samba][Samba]]
+ • [[https://rubin55.org/blog/running-arch-linux-on-the-framework-laptop-13/#tlp][TLP]]
+ • [[https://rubin55.org/blog/running-arch-linux-on-the-framework-laptop-13/#cups][Cups]]
+ • [[https://rubin55.org/blog/running-arch-linux-on-the-framework-laptop-13/#docker][Docker]]
+ • [[https://rubin55.org/blog/running-arch-linux-on-the-framework-laptop-13/#ollama][Ollama]]
+ • [[https://rubin55.org/blog/running-arch-linux-on-the-framework-laptop-13/#cdemu][CDemu]]
+ • [[https://rubin55.org/blog/running-arch-linux-on-the-framework-laptop-13/#enabling-user-services][Enabling user services]]
+
+• [[https://rubin55.org/blog/running-arch-linux-on-the-framework-laptop-13/#how-i-use-aur][How I use AUR]]
+
+ • [[https://rubin55.org/blog/running-arch-linux-on-the-framework-laptop-13/#setting-up-your-own-custom-local-repository][Setting up your own custom local repository]]
+ • [[https://rubin55.org/blog/running-arch-linux-on-the-framework-laptop-13/#configuring-for-package-building][Configuring for package building]]
+ • [[https://rubin55.org/blog/running-arch-linux-on-the-framework-laptop-13/#example-interactions-using-aur][Example interactions using AUR]]
+ • [[https://rubin55.org/blog/running-arch-linux-on-the-framework-laptop-13/#aur-packages-i-build-and-install][AUR packages I build and install]]
+ • [[https://rubin55.org/blog/running-arch-linux-on-the-framework-laptop-13/#personal-aur-packages][Personal AUR packages]]
+
+• [[https://rubin55.org/blog/running-arch-linux-on-the-framework-laptop-13/#final-thoughts][Final thoughts]]
+
+Why Arch Linux
+
+Prior to my Framework Laptop adventures, I’ve been planning to move to Arch Linux for a while. I’m a long-time Linux desktop user. I started
+out with those Red Hat CD-ROMs you’d buy at your local bookshop (this was around ‘96). I fooled around with SCO UnixWare, had a whole
+period of SGI IRIX after that and then some distro-hopping to Debian, Fedora, Arch Linux (in 2007), Gentoo and Void Linux, more-or-less in
+that order.
+
+The last two-ish years I’ve been running on Void Linux, which I still strongly recommend and love - it’s a really good distribution with a nice
+balance between stability and simplicity.
+
+I used the OS package manager for the essentials, like Gnome, Firefox, the terminal, Wayland and X11, and used /opt like a sort of Program
+Files or Applications directory where I had my own programs like IntelliJ, Postman, PostgreSQL, etc.
+
+This works relatively well: you don’t have a lot of demands on package availability in the distro itself and you keep things stable - only update
+your own stuff when you feel like it and/or when you need to.
+
+At a certain point I had about 70 applications in /opt which became a burden to keep up to date, so I set out to find a distribution that packages
+as much as possible of the software I use, and where packaging it yourself is as simple as possible.
+
+I definitely prefer a rolling-release distro. I checked out Nix, Gentoo and Arch Linux. Nix I found really appealing (hard declarative) but I hated
+the syntax (maybe Guix one day? I like Scheme better).
+
+Gentoo did have a comparable set of packaged software available, and it is one of my favorite distributions, but I had too many issues on my
+test-build virtual machine which blocked me from experimenting prior to running it on my daily driver.
+
+So why move to Arch? Well, in one word: mind-share. The wiki, the amount of packaged software, sane package standards:
+
+• The Arch wiki has essentially become the de-facto standard Linux wiki
+• Really huge package collection, fantastic community participation with AUR
+• Upstream stable usually means an upstream update is in repos within minutes
+• Does not have separate dev/devel packages for headers
+
+The above three things means a lot of convenience to a Linux desktop user. On Arch Linux, 99.9% of the software I ever used on Linux is
+packaged, most of it in the official repositories and a few in AUR. Next to that, AUR and PKGBUILD are so easy to get into, so you can easily
+package things yourself and share it with the community.
+
+On most other distros the gap between what’s packaged and what isn’t is quite a bit larger which means you need alternative ways to get that
+software and keep it up-to-date, which in practice becomes error-prone and time-consuming.
+
+On Arch Linux I made the choice to run everything packaged with pacman. If I need something that isn’t packaged yet (currently the case for 5
+packages of which I packaged one already), I package it and publish it to AUR.
+
+The rest of this article is essentially a how-to with notes about what I run and install. Feel free to peruse and/or replay!
+
+BIOS settings
+
+You can find the [[https://community.frame.work/t/bios-guide/4178][BIOS guide]] on the Framework community website. The only settings I changed were:
+
+• CPU Configuration -> Boot Performance mode: MAX BATTERY
+• CPU Configuration -> Intel Turbo Boost Max Technology 3.0: DISABLED
+• Secure Boot -> Enforce Secure Boot: DISABLED
+
+The above causes the laptop to effectively run in a lower TDP setting. I think it goes from 28watts to 22watts. This has a dramatic effect on the
+battery life and thermals of the device. I don’t want a wild beast that blasts the fans as soon as I type ls, so these settings are great for me. Did I
+mention the laptop performs really great with these settings?
+
+With the above and the settings I configure in TLP I get ~3watts idle with screen on normal brightness, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth enabled, and about
+~45 celsius core temperatures.
+
+Basic installation
+
+Basically, [[https://archlinux.org/download/][download]] the ISO and follow the [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Installation_guide][installation guide]]. I opted to use systemd-boot as boot manager and systemd-networkd as my
+network configuration tooling.
+
+Additional kernel parameters I use
+
+Whichever boot manager you use, you might want to set a few extra kernel parameters. I found the following additionals handle a bunch of
+stuff nicely on my Framework Laptop 13:
+
+net.ifnames=0 libata.allow_tpm=1 module_blacklist=cros_ec_lpcs,hid_sensor_hub acpi_osi="!Windows 2020" tpm_tis.interrupts=0 nvme.noacpi=1 mem_sleep_default=s2idle split_lock_detect=off
+
+Packages I install
+
+Next to the default core and extra repositories, I enable multilib in pacman.conf before installing. Additionally, I blacklist
+pam_systemd_home.so because I don’t use systemd-homed and it spams the journal on any login or auth action:
+
+--- pacman.conf.orig    2023-08-06 12:09:44.849855338 +0300
++++ pacman.conf 2023-08-06 12:01:30.261984035 +0300
+@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
+ #IgnoreGroup =
+
+ #NoUpgrade   =
+-#NoExtract   =
++NoExtract    = usr/lib/security/pam_systemd_home.so
+
+ # Misc options
+ #UseSyslog
+@@ -87,12 +87,11 @@
+ #[multilib-testing]
+ #Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
+
+-#[multilib]
+-#Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
++[multilib]
++Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
+
+You can install the following packages right after your system comes up first boot, or you could do it during install with pacstrap (it doesn’t
+really matter, but in any case, make sure core, contrib and multilib are enabled in /etc/pacman.conf first):
+
+pacman -S --needed acpi acpi_call-dkms acpid alacritty alsa-utils ansible-language-server ansible-lint ant antlr4 ardour aribb25 arj autoconf automake aws-cli base-devel bash bash-language-server bc bear bind bison blender bower btop bubblewrap calibre cameractrls carla cdemu-client cdemu-daemon cdrdao cdrtools cifs-utils clang clinfo clojure cmake corkscrew cpio cppcheck cpupower ctags cue cups curl d-spy dagger dash dconf-editor dcraw ddcutil debugedit delve deno desmume devtools direnv discord distrobox dive dmidecode dmraid dnsmasq docker docker-buildx docker-compose dool dos2unix dosfstools doxygen dvd+rw-tools editorconfig-core-c efibootmgr elixir emacs-wayland erlang eslint ethtool evince exfatprogs extra-cmake-modules fakeroot fastfetch fd fdupes file file-roller fio firefox flex foomatic-db-engine foomatic-db-nonfree-ppds foomatic-db-ppds fop fractal fs-uae fs-uae-launcher furnace fwupd fzf gamemode gcc gdb gdm ghidra gimp git git-filter-repo git-lfs glab gnome-backgrounds gnome-browser-connector gnome-calculator gnome-characters gnome-control-center gnome-disk-utility gnome-session gnome-settings-daemon gnome-shell gnome-shell-extensions gnome-shell-extension-appindicator gnome-shell-extension-desktop-icons-ng gnome-system-monitor gnome-themes-extra gnome-tweaks gnupg go gopls go-tools gparted gradle groovy gtkwave guile gvfs gvfs-gphoto2 gvfs-mtp gvfs-nfs gvfs-smb handbrake harfbuzz-cairo hdparm helix helm hplip htop hunspell hunspell-en_us hunspell-en_gb hunspell-es_es hunspell-fr hunspell-de hunspell-nl i2c-tools ifuse inetutils inkscape iperf3 iptables-nft irssi iwd jfsutils jq k9s kafka kotlin kubectl leiningen lhasa libblockdev-crypto libblockdev-dm libblockdev-fs libblockdev-loop libblockdev-lvm libblockdev-mdraid libblockdev-mpath libblockdev-nvme libblockdev-part libblockdev-swap libebur128 libgoom2 libindicator-gtk3 librecad libreoffice-still libretro-beetle-pce libretro-beetle-psx-hw libretro-blastem libretro-core-info libretro-desmume libretro-dolphin libretro-flycast libretro-mame libretro-mgba libretro-mupen64plus-next libretro-nestopia libretro-picodrive libretro-ppsspp libretro-sameboy libretro-scummvm libretro-snes9x libtiger libva-mesa-driver libva-utils libvirt libxcrypt-compat linux-firmware-bnx2x linux-firmware-liquidio linux-firmware-mellanox linux-firmware-nfp linux-firmware-qlogic linux-headers live-media lldb lm_sensors loupe lshw lsof lsscsi ltrace lua-language-server make mame mame-tools man-db mangohud man-pages mattermost-desktop maven mbedtls2 mednafen mesa-demos mesa-utils mesa-vdpau meson mgba-qt minikube mitmproxy mono mono-msbuild moonlight-qt moreutils mpv mtools multipath-tools mupdf-tools mupen64plus mutter nasm nautilus neovide neovim netbeans net-tools nfs-utils ninja nmap nodejs npm noto-fonts noto-fonts-extra noto-fonts-emoji ntfs-3g nuget nvchecker nvme-cli nvtop ollama openbsd-netcat opencl-clhpp opencl-headers openldap openssh openvpn osv-scanner p7zip pacman-contrib pacutils 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squashfs-tools steam step-ca step-cli stern strace s-tui stylelint sudo syncthing sysprof sysstat tailwindcss-language-server taplo-cli tar terminus-font texinfo texlab texlive-basic texlive-bin the_silver_searcher thunderbird tidy tinyxxd tmux traceroute tracker3-miners tree tree-sitter-cli tree-sitter-grammars ttf-ibm-plex ttf-ubuntu-font-family typescript typescript-language-server udftools udisks2-lvm2 uncrustify unixodbc unzip urlwatch usbutils util-linux valgrind vdpauinfo vhba-module-dkms virt-manager vscode-css-languageserver vscode-html-languageserver vscode-json-languageserver vulkan-tools w3m wayland-utils wgetpaste whois wine wine-mono winetricks wireless_tools wireplumber wireshark-cli wireshark-qt wl-clipboard wmctrl wol xchm xclip xdg-desktop-portal-gnome xdg-user-dirs-gtk xdg-utils xdotool xfsprogs xorg-fonts-100dpi xorg-fonts-misc xorg-font-util xorg-mkfontscale xorg-server xorg-server-devel xorg-xauth xorg-xdpyinfo xorg-xdriinfo xorg-xev xorg-xfontsel xorg-xhost xorg-xinit xorg-xinput xorg-xkill xorg-xprop xorg-xrandr xorg-xrdb xorg-xset xorg-xsetroot xorg-xvinfo xorg-xwayland xorg-xwininfo yarn yasm yq yt-dlp zig zip zls zstd
+
+Remove if you don’t want brltty
+
+The qemu-full package depends on qemu-chardev-baum which in turn pulls in brltty, a braille (virtual?) keyboard service. If you don’t need
+that:
+
+pacman -R qemu-chardev-baum qemu-full brltty
+userdel brltty
+
+Additionally install when you want dynamic application of power management settings
+
+You can install tlp to enable dynamically applying power management settings, based on if your power connector is connected or if you’re on
+battery.
+
+pacman -S --needed tlp
+
+Additionally install when you want to use dracut instead of mkinitcpio
+
+I use dracut on my desktop computer, because I need working LVM RAID mirrors there. I couldn’t get that to work with mkinitcpio based
+initrd.
+
+If you want to use dracut instead of mkinitcpio to generate initrd images, you need to install it and remove the default initrd tooling:
+
+pacman -S --needed dracut
+pacman -R mkinitcpio mkinitcpio-busybox
+
+Note that there are no hooks by default for rebuilding dracut-based initrd images, so you’d need to do that manually after linux kernel package
+updates. For example:
+
+# Kernel version in package contains dot, on-disk it contains dash, hence the sed.
+export KERNEL_VERSION=$(pacman -Q linux | awk '{print $2}' | sed 's|\.arch|-arch|g')
+cp /lib/modules/$KERNEL_VERSION/vmlinuz /boot/vmlinuz-linux
+dracut --kver $KERNEL_VERSION --force /boot/initramfs-linux-fallback.img
+dracut --hostonly --no-hostonly-cmdline --kver $KERNEL_VERSION --force /boot/initramfs-linux.img
+
+Additionally install when you use X11 instead of Wayland and want gestures
+
+Wayland provides working gestures on Gnome out of the box, and Wayland is the default on Arch Linux. If, however, you have some reason to
+use X11 instead of Wayland by default and you want gestures to work, you can install Touchégg:
+
+pacman -S --needed touchegg
+
+Make sure you enable the service:
+
+systemctl enable --now touchegg
+
+And also install the required Gnome [[https://github.com/JoseExposito/gnome-shell-extension-x11gestures][extension]].
+
+Additionally install on devices with fingerprint reader
+
+Devices like the Framework Laptop 13 have a fingerprint reader. If you want to use it, make sure to install the following packages:
+
+pacman -S --needed libfprint fprintd
+
+And make sure you enable the service:
+
+systemctl enable --now fprintd
+
+To configure the fingerprint reader, I needed to upgrade the firmware. Version 01000320 is known to not work with Linux. In my case, I had to
+use an older version of fwupd (version 1.9.5 to be specific) - 1.9.10 did not work, but I’ve had a report recently (thanks, Jan Schoone) that fwupd
+version 1.9.13 and possibly higher, does actually work these days (your milage may vary, etc).
+
+In any case, I followed the instructions [[https://knowledgebase.frame.work/en_us/updating-fingerprint-reader-firmware-on-linux-for-13th-gen-and-amd-ryzen-7040-series-laptops-HJrvxv_za][here]] to update to the required firmware version 01000330 to make the fingerprint reader work with
+Linux. Instructions below are based on the linked document:
+
+# First downgrade fwupd...
+wget --continue https://archive.archlinux.org/packages/f/fwupd/fwupd-1.9.5-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst --output fwupd-1.9.5-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst
+pacman -U fwupd-1.9.5-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst
+# Get firmware file and install...
+wget --continue https://github.com/FrameworkComputer/linux-docs/raw/main/goodix-moc-609c-v01000330.cab --output goodix-moc-609c-v01000330.cab
+fwupdtool install --allow-reinstall --allow-older goodix-moc-609c-v01000330.cab
+
+Note: There might be a transfer error mentioned at the end. This can be safely ignored. Reboot and start a fresh terminal and show the device:
+
+fwupdmgr get-devices 1e8c8470-a49c-571a-82fd-19c9fa32b8c3
+
+Note: The above command sometimes times out the first time it’s run. Just run it again and you’ll see some details about the fingerprint reader.
+Notably, the version should now be: 01000330. You can now enroll fingerprints.
+
+If your fingerprint reader is working, you can continue to follow the steps [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Fprint][here]] to set it up for usage.
+
+Additionally install on devices with Intel graphics
+
+My Framework Laptop 13 is intel-based, so I install these packages additionally:
+
+pacman -S --needed intel-gpu-tools vulkan-intel intel-media-driver libvdpau-va-gl intel-graphics-compiler intel-compute-runtime gst-plugin-va
+
+Also, from AUR, I install these, making sure their version is synced with the above mentioned 64-bit versions, These make it possible for 32-bit
+apps to also use VAAPI-based hardware acceleration:
+
+lib32-intel-gmmlib
+lib32-intel-media-driver
+
+Additionally install on devices with AMD graphics
+
+If you have an AMD device instead, you might want these ones:
+
+pacman -S --needed radeontop vulkan-radeon gst-plugin-va ollama-rocm
+
+Additionally install on devices with NVidia graphics
+
+If you have an NVidia device instead, you might want these ones:
+
+pacman -S --needed cuda cuda-tools ffnvcodec-headers libva-nvidia-driver nvidia-cg-toolkit nvidia-settings nvidia-utils nvidia-dkms nvtop opencl-nvidia openssl-1.1 gst-plugins-bad ollama-cuda
+
+Note: The openssl-1.1 package is a (missing) dependency for libnvidia-pkcs11.so contained in nvidia-utils.
+
+Installing lib32 package equivalents (optional)
+
+I like to install the lib32-* package equivalents of packages I installed. There isn’t an easy way to do this and it is a bit messy, but here’s how I
+do it:
+
+# Clean beginnings.
+mkdir -p ~/Desktop
+rm ~/Desktop/lib32-candidates ~/Desktop/lib32-notfound
+
+# Append a list of possible lib32-* package names by prepending to package name.
+for p in `pacman -Qq | grep -v lib32`; do echo lib32-$p >> ~/Desktop/lib32-candidates; done
+
+# Append a list of possible lib32-* package names which consist of lib32-firstnamepart.
+for p in `pacman -Qq | grep -v lib32 | cut -d- -f1 | sort -u`; do echo lib32-$p >> ~/Desktop/lib32-candidates; done
+
+# Remove known-not-working elements and make sure the output file is sorted and unique.
+cat ~/Desktop/lib32-candidates | grep -v rustup | grep -v openssl-1.1 | grep -v mesa-amber | grep -v mesa-demos | sort -u -o ~/Desktop/lib32-candidates
+
+# Abuse pacman -S to obtain invalid package names.
+pacman -S --needed `cat ~/Desktop/lib32-candidates | sort -u` 2>&1 | grep 'error: target not found' | awk '{print $5}' > ~/Desktop/lib32-notfound
+
+# Make sure that's sorted and unique too.
+sort -o ~/Desktop/lib32-notfound ~/Desktop/lib32-notfound
+
+# Use comm to diff the lists and only feed valid package names to pacman -S.
+pacman -S --needed `comm -23 ~/Desktop/lib32-candidates ~/Desktop/lib32-notfound`
+
+Service configuration
+
+I use and customize a bunch of services on my device. So I don’t forget what I customized and why, let me document it.
+
+DisplayLink
+
+The displaylink service is used, together with the evdi driver, to handle externally connected displays, which connect through a dock or other
+type of USB3 or Thunderbolt connection. Enable it as follows:
+
+systemctl enable --now displaylink
+
+Additionally, I’ve observed that the displaylink service consumes an inordinate amount of CPU time after a suspend/resume cycle. A quick
+restart of the service works around that. To do that automatically, we can create a systemd unit file and enable it:
+
+# Write the systemd unit file for restarting displaylink on resume:
+cat <<EOF > "/etc/systemd/system/displaylink-restart.service"
+[Unit]
+Description=Restart DisplayLink after resume
+After=suspend.target
+
+[Service]
+Type=simple
+ExecStart=/bin/systemctl --no-block restart displaylink.service
+
+[Install]
+WantedBy=suspend.target
+EOF
+
+# Enable and start the automatic displaylink restart service:
+systemctl enable --now displaylink-restart
+
+CpuPower
+
+The cpupower service reads from /etc/default/cpupower and configures the default scheduler. Edit that file to set the default scheduler to
+powersave or performance and then enable it:
+
+systemctl enable --now cpupower.service
+
+Avahi
+
+I don’t want any service auto-configuring stuff on my system, especially things like printers for example. Therefore I disable the Avahi
+zeroconf service:
+
+systemctl mask avahi-daemon.service
+systemctl mask avahi-daemon.socket
+systemctl mask avahi-dnsconfd.service
+
+Note that a side-effect of this, is that when you use something like xsane or simplescan, you will get a password prompt dialog every time you
+start the scanning tool. This is because, apparently, these tools use avahi somehow, which then has to be invoked, which is then done through
+polkit, which raises the password dialog so the avahi service can be started. Yeah.
+
+Bluetooth
+
+Enable bluetooth with:
+
+systemctl enable --now bluetooth.service
+
+Bluetooth mostly just works out of the box, except for my XBox Series X|S Wireless Game Controller. To get this to run, I use the xpadneo-dkms
+AUR package. Additionally, I need to configure a few settings in /etc/bluetooth/main.conf (add or set these settings yourself, or use patch to
+apply the settings to your main.conf):
+
+--- main.conf.orig  2023-07-31 19:01:29.473651656 +0300
++++ main.conf 2023-08-01 23:39:23.294653784 +0300
+@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
+ # Restricts all controllers to the specified transport. Default value
+ # is "dual", i.e. both BR/EDR and LE enabled (when supported by the HW).
+ # Possible values: "dual", "bredr", "le"
+-#ControllerMode = dual
++ControllerMode = dual
+
+ # Maximum number of controllers allowed to be exposed to the system.
+ # Default=0 (unlimited)
+@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@
+ # Specify the policy to the JUST-WORKS repairing initiated by peer
+ # Possible values: "never", "confirm", "always"
+ # Defaults to "never"
+-#JustWorksRepairing = never
++JustWorksRepairing = confirm
+
+ # How long to keep temporary devices around
+ # The value is in seconds. Default is 30.
+@@ -212,9 +212,9 @@
+
+ # LE default connection parameters.  These values are superceeded by any
+ # specific values provided via the Load Connection Parameters interface
+-#MinConnectionInterval=
+-#MaxConnectionInterval=
+-#ConnectionLatency=
++MinConnectionInterval=7
++MaxConnectionInterval=9
++ConnectionLatency=0
+ #ConnectionSupervisionTimeout=
+ #Autoconnecttimeout=
+
+@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@
+ # AutoEnable defines option to enable all controllers when they are found.
+ # This includes adapters present on start as well as adapters that are plugged
+ # in later on. Defaults to 'true'.
+-#AutoEnable=true
++AutoEnable=false
+
+ # Audio devices that were disconnected due to suspend will be reconnected on
+ # resume. ResumeDelay determines the delay between when the controller
+
+After changes, restart the service:
+
+systemctl restart bluetooth.service
+
+GDM
+
+Enable gdm with:
+
+systemctl enable --now gdm.service
+
+I prefer auto-login on some of my devices (no on laptop, yes on desktop). Add the two lines or apply the below diff to /etc/gdm/custom.conf
+using patch if you would like your user to allow GDM to automatically login (don’t forget to replace $USER with your user name):
+
+--- custom.conf.orig  2023-07-31 19:08:35.307832755 +0300
++++ custom.conf 2023-07-31 19:08:25.741219958 +0300
+@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
+ # GDM configuration storage
+
+ [daemon]
++AutomaticLogin=$USER
++AutomaticLoginEnable=True
+ # Uncomment the line below to force the login screen to use Xorg
+ #WaylandEnable=false
+
+Reboot for the above to take effect.
+
+Libvirtd
+
+Enable libvirtd with:
+
+systemctl enable --now libvirtd.service
+
+I run libvirtd mostly stock. I do set unix_sock_group to libvirt and add myself to the libvirt group. I then set unix_sock_ro_perms,
+unix_sock_rw_perms and unix_sock_admin_perms to 0770 (Meaning, the owner and group can read, write and execute, everybody else can do
+nothing).
+
+unix_sock_group = "libvirt"
+unix_sock_ro_perms = "0770"
+unix_sock_rw_perms = "0770"
+unix_sock_admin_perms = "0770"
+
+You need to change this for a whole lot of files under /etc/libvirt. Not doing this causes problems when connecting with your user instead of
+root using the virsh or virt-manager clients. don’t forget to restart the service after changes:
+
+systemctl restart libvirtd.service
+
+Furthermore, I configure the virt0 interface of the default NAT-enabled network to have a specific IP address (10.10.11.1) and range (note:
+needs to be run after starting/restarting libvirtd):
+
+export UUID=$(uuidgen)
+cat <<EOF > "/tmp/net-default.xml"
+<network>
+  <name>default</name>
+  <uuid>$UUID</uuid>
+  <forward mode='nat'>
+    <nat>
+      <port start='1024' end='65535'/>
+    </nat>
+  </forward>
+  <bridge name='virt0' stp='off' delay='0'/>
+  <ip address='10.10.11.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'>
+    <dhcp>
+      <range start='10.10.11.2' end='10.10.11.254'/>
+    </dhcp>
+  </ip>
+</network>
+EOF
+
+virsh net-destroy default
+virsh net-undefine default
+virsh net-define /tmp/net-default.xml
+virsh net-start default
+rm -qf /tmp/net-default.xml
+
+Systemd-networkd and iwd
+
+First configure iwd defaults:
+
+mkdir -p /etc/iwd
+cat <<EOF > "/etc/iwd/main.conf"
+[General]
+RoamThreshold=-75
+RoamThreshold5G=-80
+
+[Network]
+EnableIPv6=false
+NameResolvingService=systemd
+
+[Scan]
+DisablePeriodicScan=true
+EOF
+
+If you’re connecting to a wireless network, you need to first configure that using iwctl, see the [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Iwd][iwd]] page on the Arch wiki.
+
+After that, you can configure systemd-networkd, which comes down to placing configuration files in /etc/systemd/network. Let me give three
+examples.
+
+Setting up an ethernet device with DHCP
+
+cat <<EOF > "/etc/systemd/network/10-ethernet.network"
+[Match]
+Name=eth0
+
+[Network]
+DHCP=yes
+EOF
+
+Setting up a bridge device with DHCP
+
+Create the physical device bind config:
+
+cat <<EOF > "/etc/systemd/network/10-bind.network"
+[Match]
+Name=eth0 eth1
+
+[Network]
+Bridge=bridge0
+
+EOF
+
+Create the virtual bridge device:
+
+cat <<EOF > "/etc/systemd/network/10-bridge.netdev"
+[NetDev]
+Name=bridge0
+Kind=bridge
+MACAddress=52:41:41:46:00:0b
+EOF
+
+And finally, the bridge network, configured by DHCP:
+
+cat <<EOF > "/etc/systemd/network/10-bridge.network"
+[Match]
+Name=bridge0
+
+[Network]
+DHCP=yes
+EOF
+
+Setting up a wireless device with DHCP
+
+Note that you first need to configure iwd to authenticate and connect to your wireless network. After that, tell systemd-networkd about it:
+
+cat <<EOF > "/etc/systemd/network/10-wireless.network"
+[Match]
+Name=wlan0
+
+[Network]
+DHCP=yes
+IgnoreCarrierLoss=10s
+EOF
+
+Enable systemd-networkd and iwd services
+
+Enable systemd-networkd and iwd with:
+
+systemctl enable --now iwd.service
+systemctl enable --now systemd-networkd.service
+systemctl disable systemd-networkd-wait-online.service
+
+Note that we disable the waiting service, since we want to continue booting even if there is no network. If you would like to know more about
+how you can configure systemd-networkd, be sure to read the [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Systemd-networkd][systemd-networkd]] page on the Arch wiki.
+
+OpenSSL
+
+I did run into an issue connecting with older VPN environments related to OpenSSL 3.x disabling various legacy encapsulation and connection
+modes by default. The error you would see in such a case is:
+
+Jul 31 20:26:38 FRAME openvpn[58956]: OpenSSL: error:11800071:PKCS12 routines::mac verify failure
+Jul 31 20:26:38 FRAME openvpn[58956]: OpenSSL: error:0308010C:digital envelope routines::unsupported
+Jul 31 20:26:38 FRAME openvpn[58956]: Decoding PKCS12 failed. Probably wrong password or unsupported/legacy encryption
+
+Furthermore, when you are behind corporate proxies, you might also have difficulties passing through the corporate proxy without the settings
+UnsafeLegacyRenegotiation and UnsafeLegacyServerConnect (which were allowed by default on OpenSSL 1.x).
+
+To work-around these issues, I place a custom /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf:
+
+cp -n "/etc/ssl/openssl.cnf" "/etc/ssl/openssl.cnf.orig"
+cat <<EOF > "/etc/ssl/openssl.cnf"
+HOME = .
+openssl_conf = openssl_init
+
+[openssl_init]
+providers = provider_sect
+ssl_conf = ssl_sect
+
+[provider_sect]
+default = default_sect
+legacy = legacy_sect
+
+[default_sect]
+activate = 1
+
+[legacy_sect]
+activate = 1
+
+[ssl_sect]
+system_default = system_default_sect
+
+[system_default_sect]
+Options = UnsafeLegacyRenegotiation,UnsafeLegacyServerConnect
+EOF
+
+Note that I would only do the above if you need to interact with some old legacy VPN stuff, or if you’re behind moron-grade SSL-terminating
+proxies.
+
+NFSv4
+
+Enable nfsv4 with:
+
+systemctl enable --now nfsv4-server.service
+
+Quick note: the above start may fail if you updated the linux package but did not reboot yet, you’ll see an error about a dependency failure.
+
+I use NFS only on internal interfaces, specifically the virt0 interface of the default network (remember that ip address 10.10.11.1?). This allows
+me to work with shared storage on other operating systems that I fool around with on Qemu/KVM (Note that you have much better options for
+modern Linux systems - there you can use enable shared memory and a virtiofs device to essentially loop-mount a memory block device
+which is a directory on the host).
+
+Since we’re only doing NFSv4, and we’re not interested in user/group ID mapping, let’s stop and mask a couple of RPC services first:
+
+systemctl stop rpcbind.service
+systemctl mask rpcbind.service
+systemctl stop nfs-blkmap
+systemctl mask nfs-blkmap
+systemctl stop nfs-idmapd
+systemctl mask nfs-idmapd
+systemctl stop nfs-mountd
+systemctl mask nfs-mountd
+
+To make NFSv4 only listen on a specific interface, and to disable version 3 of the protocol explicitly, we patch /etc/nfs.conf (use patch or add
+the host=, vers3= and vers4= elements by hand under [nfsd]:
+
+--- nfs.conf.orig       2023-07-31 21:16:20.438028044 +0300
++++ nfs.conf    2023-08-03 09:01:05.586457300 +0300
+@@ -67,13 +67,14 @@
+ # debug=0
+ # threads=8
+-# host=
++host=10.10.11.1
+ # port=0
+ # grace-time=90
+ # lease-time=90
+ # udp=n
+ # tcp=y
+-# vers3=y
+-# vers4=y
++vers3=n
++vers4=y
+ # vers4.0=y
+ # vers4.1=y
+ # vers4.2=y
+
+Create an exports for /home:
+
+cp -n "/etc/exports.d/home.exports" "/etc/exports.d/home.exports.orig"
+cat <<EOF > "/etc/exports.d/home.exports"
+/home   10.10.11.0/24(rw,sync,crossmnt,no_subtree_check)
+EOF
+
+After the above changes, restart the service:
+
+systemctl restart nfsv4-server.service
+
+Samba
+
+Enable smbd and nmbd with:
+
+systemctl enable --now nmb.service smb.service
+
+I use Samba for the same reasons as I use NFS, that is to have shared storage on various older virtual machines (like Windows NT 4.0). Let’s
+create an smb.conf file:
+
+cat <<EOF > "/etc/samba/smb.conf"
+[global]
+   workgroup = WORKGROUP
+   netbios name = $(hostname | tr 'a-z' 'A-Z' | cut -d. -f1)
+   server string =
+   server role = standalone server
+   server min protocol = NT1
+   ntlm auth = yes
+   lanman auth = yes
+   hosts allow = 10.10.11.
+   log file = /var/log/samba/log.smbd
+   max log size = 100
+   interfaces = 10.10.11.1/24
+   bind interfaces only = yes
+   dns proxy = yes
+   wins proxy = yes
+   wins support = yes
+   local master = yes
+   domain master = yes
+   preferred master = yes
+   os level = 33
+
+[homes]
+   comment = Home Directories
+   acl allow execute always = True
+   browsable = yes
+   writable = yes
+   valid users = %U
+   create mask = 0644
+   directory mask = 0755
+EOF
+
+After creating or changing smb.conf, restart the services:
+
+systemctl restart nmb.service smb.service
+
+TLP
+
+Enable tlp with:
+
+systemctl enable --now tlp.service
+
+TLP is used to manage power-saving modes of various hardware. It is usually configured to enable power-saving when not connected to AC, and
+to disable it when connected to AC. It does that for all kinds of things, like Wi-Fi, USB, PCIe, Bluetooth, the CPU scheduler, etc.
+
+I’ve made a custom TLP configuration for my Framework Laptop 13 which you can install as follows:
+
+cat <<EOF > "/etc/tlp.d/01-custom.conf"
+CPU_SCALING_GOVERNOR_ON_AC=powersave
+CPU_SCALING_GOVERNOR_ON_BAT=powersave
+
+CPU_BOOST_ON_AC=0
+CPU_BOOST_ON_BAT=0
+
+PCIE_ASPM_ON_BAT=powersupersave
+
+PLATFORM_PROFILE_ON_AC=balanced
+PLATFORM_PROFILE_ON_BAT=low-power
+
+USB_ALLOWLIST=32ac:0002
+USB_EXCLUDE_BTUSB=1
+USB_EXCLUDE_PRINTER=0
+
+WIFI_PWR_ON_AC=off
+WIFI_PWR_ON_BAT=off
+
+WOL_DISABLE=N
+EOF
+
+After the above, you need to restart the service:
+
+systemctl restart tlp.service
+
+Cups
+
+Enable cups with:
+
+systemctl enable --now cups.socket
+
+I also don’t want cups via cups-browsed to be able to auto-add printers, so I patch /etc/cups/cups-browsed.conf as follows:
+
+--- cups-browsed.conf.default   2023-08-29 09:57:47.157250003 +0200
++++ cups-browsed.conf   2023-08-29 09:58:45.054108764 +0200
+@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
+ # BrowseLocalProtocols.
+ # Can use DNSSD and/or CUPS and/or LDAP, or 'none' for neither.
+
+-# BrowseProtocols none
++BrowseProtocols none
+
+
+ # Only browse remote printers (via DNS-SD or CUPS browsing) from
+
+Docker
+
+Enable docker with:
+
+systemctl enable --now docker.socket
+
+I use docker without any adjustments.
+
+Ollama
+
+The ollama service makes it possible to easily run AI models locally using llama-cpp. Just like docker, this runs as a service and you use the
+ollama command line utility to interact with it.
+
+systemctl enable --now ollama.service
+
+Remember to install ollama-cuda or ollama-rocm if you are using NVIDIA or AMD devices respectively (see earlier chapter about that).
+
+After the service is enabled and running, you can run a model as follows (we’re using the deepcoder model here as an example):
+
+ollama run deepcoder
+
+This will download the model and start an interactive prompt.
+
+CDemu
+
+I use cdemu and related vhba kernel module to emulate optical drives for use with emulation stuff. If you’d like to run CDemu, make sure the
+required modules are loaded at boot:
+
+# Load modules at boot.
+cat <<EOF > "/etc/modules-load.d/cdemu.conf"
+sg
+sr_mod
+vhba
+EOF
+
+# Do it now too.
+modprobe -a sg sr_mod vhba
+
+Enabling user services
+
+I use the following user-level services (do as logged in user):
+
+for u in syncthing.service wireplumber.service pipewire.socket pipewire-pulse.socket; do systemctl enable --now --user $u; done
+
+How I use AUR
+
+All the hip young things are running yay these days, but I like to do it the bare-hands way. That way I have more feeling with what’s going on
+with AUR packages.
+
+Setting up your own custom local repository
+
+First, let’s create a custom repository source for pacman. Note that I sign my packages using my GnuPG key, so the following assumes that. If
+you don’t want to sign your own packages, you need to change the SigLevel setting in /etc/pacman.conf for your custom repository and you
+need to tell makepkg not to sign your built package.
+
+Also note that my package build root location is specific to my needs; feel free to change it to anything you like.
+
+# Set package build root location.
+export PKG_ROOT="$HOME/Packaging/Arch"
+
+# Create a directory structure for Arch packaging.
+mkdir -p "$PKG_ROOT"
+cd "$PKG_ROOT"
+install -d Build Repository 'Source Packages' Sources -o $USER
+
+# Create a repository database.
+cd "$PKG_ROOT/Repository"
+repo-add custom.db.tar.gz
+
+# Add entry to /etc/pacman.conf.
+cat <<EOF >> "/etc/pacman.conf"
+[custom]
+SigLevel = Required DatabaseRequired TrustedOnly
+Server = file://$PKG_ROOT/Repository
+EOF
+
+# Add your public key to pacman keychain and set trust (assuming key matches $USER).
+gpg --export --armor $USER > your.key
+pacman-key --add your.key
+pacman-key --lsign-key $USER
+rm -qf your.key
+
+
+# Run update for db and files, you should see custom being referenced.
+pacman -Syu
+pacman -Fy
+
+# Unset variables.
+unset PKG_ROOT
+
+Configuring for package building
+
+Now we configure makepkg defaults. Make sure you configure the PKG_ROOT, GPG_PUBKEY and PACKAGER environment variables to your
+specific likings:
+
+# Set package build root location, gpgpubkey-id and packager string.
+export PKG_ROOT="$HOME/Packaging/Arch"
+export GPG_PUBKEY='14B189C4E877C9CAEA7F99C7ED3BDDB83BDD2604'
+export PACKAGER='Rubin Simons <me@rubin55.org>'
+
+cat <<EOF > "$HOME/.makepkg.conf"
+# ~/.makepkg.conf.
+MAKEFLAGS="-j$(nproc)"
+BUILDENV=(!distcc color !ccache check sign)
+BUILDDIR="$PKG_ROOT/Build"
+PKGDEST="$PKG_ROOT/Repository"
+SRCDEST="$PKG_ROOT/Sources"
+SRCPKGDEST="$PKG_ROOT/Source Packages"
+GPGKEY="$GPG_PUBKEY"
+PACKAGER="$PACKAGER"
+EOF
+
+# Unset variables.
+unset PKG_ROOT GPG_PUBKEY PACKAGER
+
+Example interactions using AUR
+
+Here are a few example interactions with package fetching, building, repository updating and package removal to get you started:
+
+# Set package build root location.
+export PKG_ROOT="$HOME/Packaging/Arch"
+
+# Get an AUR package.
+cd "$PKG_ROOT/Build"
+git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/aurutils.git
+
+# Build an AUR package.
+cd aurutils
+makepkg -cCs
+ls ../../Repository/aurutils*
+
+# Show information about a built package.
+cd "$PKG_ROOT/Repository"
+pacman -Qpi aurutils-*-any.pkg.tar.zst
+
+# Build a source package.
+cd aurutils
+makepkg -cCsS
+ls ../../Source\ Packages
+
+# Update local repository (adds new packages, removes older ones).
+cd "$PKG_ROOT/Repository"
+repo-add -n -R -s custom.db.tar.gz *.zst
+
+# Remove a specific AUR package from local repository
+cd "$PKG_ROOT/Repository"
+repo-remove -s custom.db.tar.gz aurutils
+
+AUR packages I build and install
+
+So now to fill that $PKG_ROOT/Build directory with packages from AUR so we can build some stuff and put it in our own repository:
+
+# Set package build root location.
+export PKG_ROOT="$HOME/Packaging"
+
+# Git clone them all.
+cd "$PKG_ROOT/Build"
+export GITREPOS="adwaita-qt-git aic94xx-firmware akku alsa-hdspeconf amitools ares-emu aseprite ast-firmware audacious-gtk3 audacious-plugins-gtk3 aurutils battop-bin blastem-hg bluez-hcitool brscan4 bun-bin bundletool chez-scheme clojure-lsp-bin cmake-format cmake-language-server codechecker commitlint commitlint-config-conventional conan cubeb cypher-shell displaylink djmount dockerfile-language-server dolphin-emu-git dosbox-x dotnet-core-bin dotool drawio-desktop-bin duckstation-git dumpasn1 earthly eclipse-java elixir-ls erlang_ls evdi-dkms exercism figma-linux-bin flow-bin flutterup flycast-git fmt9 ghcup-hs-bin github-desktop-bin gnome-shell-extension-dash-to-dock-git gnome-shell-extension-fullscreen-to-new-workspace-git gnome-shell-extension-stealmyfocus-git gnome-shell-extension-tiling-shell-git gnome-shell-extension-transparent-top-bar-git godot-mono-bin google-cloud-cli groovy-language-server-git helm-ls husky hydroxide ibmcloud-cli icaclient imhex infer-bin irccloud-bin jdk17-jetbrains-bin jdk17-openj9-bin jdk21-jetbrains-bin jdk21-openj9-bin jdtls jetbrains-toolbox kddockwidgets-qt6-git kotlin-language-server-bin kubelogin lagrange lemminx lexical-bin lib32-gperftools lib32-intel-gmmlib lib32-intel-media-driver libbacktrace-git libchdr-git librashader libretro-beetle-cygne-git libretro-beetle-lynx-git libretro-beetle-ngp-git libretro-beetle-pcfx-git libretro-beetle-saturn-git libretro-bluemsx-git libretro-dosbox-pure-git libretro-lrps2-git libretro-swanstation-git libretro-uae-git libspng-git libwireplumber-4.0-compat license-wtfpl logisim-evolution-bin m64py marksman-git marsdev-git mednaffe mei-amt-check-git metals mkinitcpio-firmware mongodb-bin mongosh-bin ms-sys ncurses5-compat-libs neo4j-community-bin neovim-symlinks nestopia netcoredbg networkmanager-iwd nvidia-patch-git ocenaudio-bin omnisharp-roslyn-bin openmsx openshift-client-bin openshift-developer-bin openshift-pipelines-bin openvpn-update-systemd-resolved ovpn-dco-dkms papirus-folders passmark-performancetest-bin pcsx2-git pegasus-frontend-git perlnavigator plutosvg-git plutovg-git postman2openapi-bin postman-bin powercap powershell-bin pragmatapro-fonts protonplus protontricks ps3-disc-dumper-bin pupdate-bin pvsneslib-git pwvucontrol python-dataclasses-json python-m3u8 python-machine68k python-mpegdash python-opentype-feature-freezer python-patch-ng python-pathvalidate python-pdm-pep517 python-pluginbase python-pyqtdarktheme-fork python-pysdl2 python-pytest-runner python-python-ffmpeg python-tidalapi python-vdf qt5-gamepad rabtap rapidyaml rcu-bin regionset roomeqwizard rpcs3-git ruby-backport ruby-e2mmap ruby-jaro_winkler ruby-reverse_markdown ruby-solargraph ruby-yard-solargraph rusty-psn-bin ryujinx sameboy sbom-tool-bin scala-dotty scala-scala3-symlink scheme-chez-symlink sedutil shellcheck-bin sigtop-git skyscraper-git slack-desktop snd-hdspe-dkms soapui softhsm-git sublime-text-4 sunshine-git svelte-language-server-git swift-bin teller tidal-dl-ng tidal-hifi-bin tla-toolbox townsemu-git ttf-b612 ungoogled-chromium-bin upd72020x-fw v4l-utils-git vala-language-server vasm visual-studio-code-bin vlink vmware-horizon-client vmware-keymaps vtsls wd719x-firmware wxedid xcursor-dmz xdg-terminal-exec-git xpadneo-dkms xpipe yaak-bin yaml-language-server-git y-cruncher zeal-git zoom"
+for p in $GITREPOS; do git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/$p.git; done
+
+# And my own version of openshift-codeready-bin/crc.
+git clone https://github.com/rubin55/openshift-codeready-bin.git
+
+# Build all (I wouldn't do this, I would initially enter one-by-one and do
+# git log ; makepkg -cCs manually). Will result in packages under $PKG_ROOT/Repository.
+cd "$PKG_ROOT/Build"
+for p in *; do cd $p; makepkg -cCs; if [[ $? -ne 0 && $? -ne 13 ]]; then echo "$p did not go well, please fix..."; break; fi; cd - > /dev/null; done
+
+# Update custom repository.
+cd "$PKG_ROOT/Repository"
+repo-add -n -R custom.db.tar.gz *.zst
+
+# Update pacman databases.
+pacman -Syu
+
+# List all packages pacman sees in custom repository.
+pacman -Sl custom
+
+# Install all not-installed packages from custom repository.
+pacman -S --needed $(pacman -Sl custom | grep -v installed | awk '{print $2}')
+
+Personal AUR packages
+
+I maintain these packages (all on AUR, except for openshift-codeready-bin):
+
+• [[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/cypher-shell][cypher-shell]]
+• [[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/gnome-shell-extension-fullscreen-to-new-workspace-git][gnome-shell-extension-fullscreen-to-new-workspace-git]]
+• [[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/gnome-shell-extension-tiling-shell-git][gnome-shell-extension-tiling-shell-git]]
+• [[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/husky][husky]]
+• [[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/infer-bin][infer-bin]]
+• [[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/jdk21-openj9-bin][jdk21-openj9-bin]]
+• [[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/kotlin-language-server-bin][kotlin-language-server-bin]]
+• [[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/lexical-bin][lexical-bin]]
+• [[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/marksman-git][marksman-git]]
+• [[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/marsdev-git][marsdev-git]]
+• [[https://github.com/rubin55/openshift-codeready-bin][openshift-codeready-bin]]
+• [[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/openshift-developer-bin][openshift-developer-bin]]
+• [[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/openshift-pipelines-bin][openshift-pipelines-bin]]
+• [[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/passmark-performancetest-bin][passmark-performancetest-bin]]
+• [[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/postman2openapi-bin][postman2openapi-bin]]
+• [[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/pragmatapro-fonts][pragmatapro-fonts]]
+• [[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/pupdate-bin][pupdate-bin]]
+• [[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/pvsneslib-git][pvsneslib-git]]
+• [[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/rcu-bin][rcu-bin]]
+• [[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/rusty-psn-bin][rusty-psn-bin]]
+• [[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/ruby-solargraph][ruby-solargraph]]
+• [[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/ruby-yard-solargraph][ruby-yard-solargraph]]
+• [[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/sbom-tool-bin][sbom-tool-bin]]
+• [[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/scala-scala3-symlink][scala-scala3-symlink]]
+• [[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/scheme-chez-symlink][scheme-chez-symlink]]
+• [[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/svelte-language-server-git][svelte-language-server-git]]
+• [[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/tidal-dl-ng][tidal-dl-ng]]
+• [[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/yaml-language-server-git][yaml-language-server-git]]
+
+Here are a few more things I plan to create AUR packages for:
+
+• [[https://github.com/bebbo/amiga-gcc][amiga-gcc]]
+• [[https://www.graebert.com/us/cad-software/ares-commander/][ares-commander]]
+• [[https://activemq.apache.org/components/artemis/download/][artemis]]
+• [[https://github.com/KallistiOS/KallistiOS][kallistios]]
+• [[https://www.maurits.vdschee.nl/fakeflac/][fakeflac]]
+• [[https://github.com/jmspit/leanux][leanux]]
+• [[https://github.com/ps2dev/ps2dev][ps2dev]]
+• [[https://github.com/Lameguy64/PSn00bSDK][psn00bsdk]]
+• [[https://www.tvpaint.com/][tvpaint]]
+• [[http://www.compilers.de/vbcc.html][vbcc]]
+• [[https://sourceforge.net/projects/winexe/][winexe]]
+
+Final thoughts
+
+After you’ve done (most of) the above, a reboot is in order; the system should come up cleanly, without errors or stalls.
+
+I’ve be been using this setup for the last month and it has been pretty great. I get really good battery life, The fan almost never comes on, sleep
+and resume work reliably, bluetooth works with mouse, gamepad and headphones, Libvirt has been amazing with a bunch of interesting virtual
+machines (Guix, Windows NT, RHEL6 with Softimage).
+
+I hope to be using this machine and operating system for a long time!
+
+Tags: [[https://rubin55.org/tags/#computers][computers]], [[https://rubin55.org/tags/#linux][linux]]
+
+Categories: [[https://rubin55.org/categories/#blog][blog]]
+
+Updated: December 31, 2023
+
+Share on
+
+[[https://x.com/intent/tweet?text=Running+Arch+Linux+on+the+Framework+Laptop+13%20https%3A%2F%2Frubin55.org%2Fblog%2Frunning-arch-linux-on-the-framework-laptop-13%2F][X]][[https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Frubin55.org%2Fblog%2Frunning-arch-linux-on-the-framework-laptop-13%2F][Facebook]][[https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https://rubin55.org/blog/running-arch-linux-on-the-framework-laptop-13/][LinkedIn]][[https://bsky.app/intent/compose?text=Running+Arch+Linux+on+the+Framework+Laptop+13%20https%3A%2F%2Frubin55.org%2Fblog%2Frunning-arch-linux-on-the-framework-laptop-13%2F][Bluesky]][[https://rubin55.org/blog/why-i-am-getting-a-framework/][Previous]] [[https://rubin55.org/blog/reflecting-on-my-2023/][Next]]
+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+noticed some f...
+** [[https://medium.com/@rahulsabinkar/how-to-restore-your-broken-grub-boot-loader-on-arch-linux-using-chroot-2fbc38bb01d9][How To Fix GRUB Bootloader On Arch Linux | by Rahul Sabinkar | Dec, 2022 | Medium]]
+URL: https://medium.com/@rahulsabinkar/how-to-restore-your-broken-grub-boot-loader-on-arch-linux-using-chroot-2fbc38bb01d9
+Captured On:[2025-06-06 Fri 14:22]
+How To Fix GRUB On Arch Linux
+
+[[https://medium.com/@rahulsabinkar?source=post_page---byline--2fbc38bb01d9---------------------------------------][Rahul Sabinkar]][[https://medium.com/@rahulsabinkar?source=post_page---byline--2fbc38bb01d9---------------------------------------][Rahul Sabinkar]]
+Follow
+4 min read
+·
+Dec 27, 2022
+
+--
+
+4
+
+
+Listen
+
+
+Share
+
+
+So here I was browsing through some GRUB themes on gnome-look to install to make the bootup sequence of my PC look a bit cooler. I
+downloaded a good looking one and used the GRUB Customizer to install it. Just as any regular user would. But when I rebooted my PC, I ended
+up with a broken bootloader. I couldn’t access the Grub Menu at all. The theme simply broke it and since I can’t boot into my PC, I couldn’t
+change the theme either. I just kept ending up on my BIOS menu.
+
+Well, it’s not my first time breaking the bootloader. And I’m sure anyone who has had some experience using Linux, especially the users who
+dual-boot with Windows, has gone through this problem at least once.
+
+There are many guides out there that tell you how to fix this problem, but most of them focus on Ubuntu-based distros. And if a GRUB theme
+broke your bootloader, like in my case, then even if you successfully follow all the instructions, you’ll still be left with a broken bootloader
+because you’ll have to specifically change the theme before updating and re-installing GRUB again.
+
+So in this guide, I’ll show you an easy way to quickly fix the bootloader.
+
+Note: This guide applies only to UEFI + GPT users.
+
+Boot from an Arch Linux ISO
+
+You can use any other Linux distro for this, but Arch Linux has a very minimal install and you’re only gonna be typing out a few commands
+anyway, so this is the best option.
+
+Download the Arch Linux ISO, flash it on your USB stick and boot into it. We’re gonna be doing all the work from here.
+
+Check Your Partitions
+
+First of all, it’s very important that you know your partitions right. Type the command:
+
+lsblk
+
+If you feel like the output is too brief, you can also try:
+
+fdisk -l
+
+In the following image, you can see a very standard partitioning layout with /dev/sda1 being EFI boot partition and /dev/sda3 being the root
+partition.
+
+You must make sure that you select your partitions properly when mounting them.
+
+Mounting Your Partitions
+
+First, we’re gonna mount the partitions to the /mnt path.
+
+mount /dev/sda3 /mnt
+mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot/efi
+
+Chroot
+
+Now we’re gonna [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Chroot][chroot]] into the root partition.
+
+arch-chroot /mnt
+
+With this, you will “enter” into the root partition as if you’ve logged into your PC.
+
+Change GRUB’s Theme
+
+You can skip this step if you didn’t break the GRUB by changing its theme as I did.
+
+nano /etc/default/grub
+
+You need to search for these variables.
+
+[...]
+GRUB_THEME="/boot/grub/themes/cyber-re/theme.txt"
+GRUB_GFXMODE="1280x800"
+[...]
+
+Comment out GRUB_THEME and set the value of GRUB_GFXMODE to auto.
+
+[...]
+# GRUB_THEME="/boot/grub/themes/cyber-re/theme.txt"
+GRUB_GFXMODE="auto"
+[...]
+
+Press CTRL+O and CTRL+X to save the changes and close the file.
+
+Update GRUB
+
+You would need to run the following command so that it checks which Operating Systems exist in your storage drive.
+
+Note: If you only run a single OS, like me, you can skip this.
+
+os-prober
+
+Now, execute this command to generate a newly updated grub.cfg file.
+
+grub-mkconfig > /boot/grub/grub.cfg
+
+The output should look similar to this, where the word “theme” is not mentioned.
+
+Reinstall GRUB
+
+This is probably the most important command. Because when you search around, you’ll find different people recommending different flags.
+But this is the correct command to use:
+
+Note: In most cases, the path of EFI directory would be /boot/efi, but it might be slightly different for you. Just make sure, you’re pointing to
+the efi directory.
+
+grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot/efi --bootloader-id=GRUB
+
+It’s because a few other variations are deprecated and/or unnecessary. Take a look at this note from ArchWiki. You can also read more about it
+[[https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/GRUB#installation][here]].
+
+With that done, you should be good to go!
+
+Reboot
+
+Simply type exit to quit out of chroot and reboot to restart the system. If you see the GRUB menu, then congratulations. You’ve done it.
+
+Afterword
+
+If you’re dual-booting with Windows and use UEFI, you’re probably frustrated about GRUB breaking every now and then. If that’s the case, then
+it’s simply a good idea to install [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/REFInd][rEFInd]].
+
+I hope you found this article helpful. I’ll see you in the next one.
+** [[https://medium.com/@alex285/gnome-3-32-how-to-install-a-system-sound-theme-15f53a47d358][GNOME 3.32: How to Install a System Sound Theme | by alex285 | Medium]]
+URL: https://medium.com/@alex285/gnome-3-32-how-to-install-a-system-sound-theme-15f53a47d358
+Captured On:[2025-06-06 Fri 12:48]
+GNOME 3.32: How to Install a System Sound Theme
+
+[[https://medium.com/@alex285?source=post_page---byline--15f53a47d358---------------------------------------][alex285]][[https://medium.com/@alex285?source=post_page---byline--15f53a47d358---------------------------------------][alex285]]
+Follow
+2 min read
+·
+Jan 23, 2019
+
+--
+
+1
+
+
+Listen
+
+
+Share
+
+
+To be honest I wasn’t entirely sure how we install Sound Themes in GNOME [[https://twitter.com/BabyWogue/status/1088163958727589891][till today..]] So I thought to share this precious knowledge :)
+
+First you need to download a sound theme, and you can do that from GNOME Look. The site misses a sound theme category from the menu, so
+here is [[https://www.gnome-look.org/browse/cat/316/ord/latest/][a direct link]]
+
+I recommend to get [[https://www.gnome-look.org/p/1187979/][Smooth Theme]], because is the only theme I tried :) ..but apart that, it is a complete sound theme with 58 sound effects!.. or
+that it says!
+
+I haven’t checked how GNOME reads those sounds, so I don’t know how many sounds supports (and the names), but you can replace those
+sound effects with your own ..like Miku breaths if you have the voice bank!
+
+1 Install the sound theme as you see in screenshot:
+
+System Wide
+/usr/share/soundsor On User
+~/.local/share/sounds
+
+2 From DConf Editor set
+
+/org/gnome/desktop/sound/input-feedback-sounds true/org/gnome/desktop/sound/event-sounds true/org/gnome/desktop/sound/theme-name Smooth (or whatever the name)
+
+3 From Settings you can change the volume. Btw in GNOME 3.32 the sound panel might be completely different than what I demo here, but it
+should have a system sounds volume bar
+
+Oh, I noticed that some times sound effects don’t always work, for example when we max or unmax windows, but thats pretty much all you can
+do for now, unless you want to submit some patches on GNOME regarding the sound issues ..I’m pretty sure they will take them very seriously :
+p
+
+hmmm, maybe that is an accessibility feature, so in this case, yeah they will take take them seriously!
+
+oh! the workspaces scary sound effect is not available on Shell ..what a miss!
+
+Cinnamon allows to edit each sound separated from Settings ..but ofc!
+
+Anyway, goodbye!