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#!/bin/env bash
# Craig Jennings <c@cjennings.net>
# Create a ZFS snapshot across all datasets with a dated, descriptive name.
set -euo pipefail
# Usage info
show_help() {
cat << EOF
Usage: ${0##*/} [-h] [DESCRIPTION]
Create a ZFS snapshot across all datasets.
-h display this help and exit
DESCRIPTION short description for the snapshot (optional, will prompt if omitted)
Snapshot names are formatted as: YYYY-MM-DD-description
Only alphanumeric characters, hyphens, and underscores are allowed in descriptions.
Spaces are converted to hyphens automatically.
Examples:
${0##*/} before-upgrade
${0##*/} "pre system update"
${0##*/} # prompts for description
EOF
}
# Check for ZFS
if ! command -v zfs &> /dev/null; then
echo "Error: zfs command not found. Is ZFS installed?"
exit 1
fi
# Check for root/sudo
if [ "$EUID" -ne 0 ]; then
echo "Error: This script must be run as root (use sudo)"
exit 1
fi
# Parse arguments
while getopts ":h" opt; do
case ${opt} in
h)
show_help
exit 0
;;
\?)
echo "Invalid option: -$OPTARG" >&2
show_help
exit 1
;;
esac
done
shift $((OPTIND - 1))
# Get description from argument or prompt
if [ $# -ge 1 ]; then
description="$*"
else
read -r -p "Enter snapshot description: " description
if [ -z "$description" ]; then
echo "Error: Description cannot be empty"
exit 1
fi
fi
# Sanitize description: convert spaces to hyphens, lowercase
description=$(echo "$description" | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]' | tr ' ' '-')
# Validate description: only allow alphanumeric, hyphens, underscores
if [[ ! "$description" =~ ^[a-z0-9_-]+$ ]]; then
echo "Error: Description contains invalid characters"
echo "Only letters, numbers, hyphens, and underscores are allowed"
echo "Sanitized input was: $description"
exit 1
fi
# Create snapshot name with date prefix
date_prefix=$(date +%Y-%m-%d)
snapshot_name="${date_prefix}-${description}"
# Get all pools
pools=$(zpool list -H -o name)
if [ -z "$pools" ]; then
echo "Error: No ZFS pools found"
exit 1
fi
echo "Creating snapshots with name: @${snapshot_name}"
echo ""
# Create recursive snapshots on each pool
for pool in $pools; do
echo "Snapshotting pool: $pool"
if zfs snapshot -r "${pool}@${snapshot_name}"; then
echo " ✓ Created ${pool}@${snapshot_name} (recursive)"
else
echo " ✗ Failed to snapshot $pool"
fi
done
echo ""
echo "Snapshot complete. Verify with: zfs list -t snapshot | grep $snapshot_name"
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