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+;;; lorem-generator.el --- Fake Latin Text Generator -*- coding: utf-8; lexical-binding: t; -*-
+;;
+;; Author: Craig Jennings
+;; Version: 0.5
+;; Package-Requires: ((emacs "26.1") (cl-lib "0.6"))
+;; Keywords: text, lorem-ipsum, dummy, filler, markov
+;; URL: https://github.com/yourname/cj-lipsum
+
+;;; Commentary:
+;; Generate pseudo-Latin placeholder text using a simple order-two
+;; Markov chain.  You can train the chain on region, buffer, or file.
+;; By default, it learns from a bundled Latin wordlist, which you can
+;; change via customization.
+;;
+;; Interactive commands:
+;;   M-x cj/lipsum             – Return N words
+;;   M-x cj/lipsum-insert      – Insert N words at point
+;;   M-x cj/lipsum-title       – Generate a pseudo-Latin heading
+;;   M-x cj/lipsum-paragraphs  – Insert multiple paragraphs
+;;   M-x cj/lipsum-learn-*     – Train the chain
+;;   M-x cj/lipsum-reset       – Clear chain
+
+;;; Code:
+
+(require 'cl-lib)
+
+(cl-defstruct (cj/markov-chain
+			   (:constructor cj/markov-chain-create))
+  "An order-two Markov chain."
+  (map (make-hash-table :test 'equal))
+  (keys nil))
+
+(defun cj/markov-tokenize (text)
+  "Split TEXT into tokens: words and punctuation separately."
+  (let ((case-fold-search nil))
+	(split-string text "\\b" t "[[:space:]\n]+")))
+
+(defun cj/markov-learn (chain text)
+  "Add TEXT into the Markov CHAIN with tokenized input."
+  (let* ((words (cj/markov-tokenize text))
+		 (len (length words)))
+	(cl-loop for i from 0 to (- len 3)
+			 for a = (nth i words)
+			 for b = (nth (1+ i) words)
+			 for c = (nth (+ i 2) words)
+			 do (let* ((bigram (list a b))
+					   (nexts (gethash bigram (cj/markov-chain-map chain))))
+				  (puthash bigram (cons c nexts)
+						   (cj/markov-chain-map chain)))))
+	(setf (cj/markov-chain-keys chain)
+		  (cl-loop for k being the hash-keys of (cj/markov-chain-map chain)
+				   collect k)))
+
+(defun cj/markov-fix-capitalization (sentence)
+  "Capitalize the first word and the first word after .!? in SENTENCE."
+  (let* ((tokens (split-string sentence "\\b" t)))
+	(cl-loop with capitalize-next = t
+			 for i from 0 below (length tokens)
+			 for tok = (nth i tokens)
+			 do (when (and capitalize-next (string-match-p "^[[:alpha:]]" tok))
+				  (setf (nth i tokens)
+						(concat (upcase (substring tok 0 1))
+								(substring tok 1)))
+				  (setq capitalize-next nil))
+			 do (when (string-match-p "[.!?]" tok)  ; <-- Changed: removed $ anchor
+				  (setq capitalize-next t)))
+	(mapconcat #'identity tokens "")))
+
+(defun cj/markov-join-tokens (tokens)
+  "Join TOKENS into a sentence with proper spacing/punctuation."
+  (let ((sentence "") (need-space nil))
+	(dolist (tok tokens)
+	  (cond
+	   ;; punctuation attaches directly
+	   ((string-match-p "^[[:punct:]]+$" tok)
+		(setq sentence (concat sentence tok))
+		(setq need-space t))
+	   ;; word
+	   (t
+		(when need-space
+		  (setq sentence (concat sentence " ")))
+		(setq sentence (concat sentence tok))
+		(setq need-space t))))
+	;; fix capitalization of first word only
+	(when (string-match "\\`\\([[:alpha:]]\\)" sentence)
+	  (setq sentence
+			(replace-match (upcase (match-string 1 sentence))
+						   nil nil sentence)))
+	;; ensure it ends with .!?
+	(unless (string-match-p "[.!?]$" sentence)
+	  (setq sentence (concat (replace-regexp-in-string "[[:punct:]]+$" "" sentence) ".")))
+  (setq sentence (cj/markov-fix-capitalization sentence))
+		sentence))
+
+(defun cj/markov-generate (chain n &optional start)
+  "Generate a sentence of N tokens from CHAIN."
+  (when (cj/markov-chain-keys chain)
+	(let* ((state (or (and start
+						   (gethash start (cj/markov-chain-map chain))
+						   start)
+					  (cj/markov-random-key chain)))
+		   (w1 (car state))
+		   (w2 (cadr state))
+		   (tokens (list w1 w2)))
+	  (dotimes (_ (- n 2))
+		(let ((next (cj/markov-next-word chain state)))
+		  (if next
+			  (setq tokens (append tokens (list next))
+					state (list w2 next)
+					w1 w2
+					w2 next)
+			(setq state (cj/markov-random-key chain)
+				  w1 (car state)
+				  w2 (cadr state)
+				  tokens (append tokens (list w1 w2))))))
+	  (cj/markov-join-tokens tokens))))
+
+(defun cj/markov-random-key (chain)
+  (nth (random (length (cj/markov-chain-keys chain)))
+	   (cj/markov-chain-keys chain)))
+
+(defun cj/markov-next-word (chain bigram)
+  (let ((candidates (gethash bigram (cj/markov-chain-map chain))))
+	(when candidates
+	  (nth (random (length candidates)) candidates))))
+
+;;;###autoload
+(defvar cj/lipsum-chain (cj/markov-chain-create)
+  "Global Markov chain for lipsum generation.")
+
+;;;###autoload
+(defun cj/lipsum-reset ()
+  "Reset the global lipsum Markov chain."
+  (interactive)
+  (setq cj/lipsum-chain (cj/markov-chain-create))
+  (message "cj/lipsum-chain reset."))
+
+;;;###autoload
+(defun cj/lipsum-learn-region (beg end)
+  "Learn text from region."
+  (interactive "r")
+  (cj/markov-learn cj/lipsum-chain (buffer-substring-no-properties beg end))
+  (message "Learned from region."))
+
+;;;###autoload
+(defun cj/lipsum-learn-buffer ()
+  "Learn from entire buffer."
+  (interactive)
+  (cj/markov-learn cj/lipsum-chain
+				   (buffer-substring-no-properties (point-min) (point-max)))
+  (message "Learned from buffer."))
+
+;;;###autoload
+(defun cj/lipsum-learn-file (file)
+  "Learn from FILE containing plain text."
+  (interactive "fTrain from file: ")
+  (with-temp-buffer
+	(insert-file-contents file)
+	(cj/markov-learn cj/lipsum-chain (buffer-string)))
+  (message "Learned from file: %s" file))
+
+;;;###autoload
+(defun cj/lipsum (n)
+  "Return N words of lorem ipsum."
+  (cj/markov-generate cj/lipsum-chain n '("Lorem" "ipsum")))
+
+;;;###autoload
+(defun cj/lipsum-insert (n)
+  "Insert N words of lorem ipsum at point."
+  (interactive "nNumber of words: ")
+  (insert (cj/lipsum n)))
+
+;;; Title generation
+
+(defconst cj/lipsum-title-min 3)
+(defconst cj/lipsum-title-max 8)
+(defconst cj/lipsum-title-small 3)
+
+;;;###autoload
+(defun cj/lipsum-title ()
+  "Generate a pseudo-Latin title."
+  (interactive)
+  (let* ((n (+ cj/lipsum-title-min
+			   (random (1+ (- cj/lipsum-title-max cj/lipsum-title-min)))))
+		 (words
+		  (cl-loop with state = (cj/markov-random-key cj/lipsum-chain)
+				   for i from 0 below n
+				   for w = (car state)
+				   do (setq state (list (cadr state)
+										(or (cj/markov-next-word cj/lipsum-chain state)
+											(cadr (cj/markov-random-key cj/lipsum-chain))))))
+				   collect (replace-regexp-in-string "^[[:punct:]]+\\|[[:punct:]]+$" "" w))))
+	(setq words (cl-remove-if #'string-empty-p words))
+	(mapconcat
+	 (lambda (word idx)
+	   (if (or (zerop idx) (> (length word) cj/lipsum-title-small))
+		   (capitalize word)
+		 word))
+	 words " "))
+
+;;; Paragraphs
+
+;;;###autoload
+(defun cj/lipsum-paragraphs (count &optional min max)
+  "Insert COUNT paragraphs of lipsum.
+
+Each paragraph has a random length between MIN and MAX words.
+Defaults: MIN=30, MAX=80."
+  (interactive "nNumber of paragraphs: ")
+  (let ((min (or min 30))
+        (max (or max 80)))
+    (dotimes (_ count)
+      (let ((len (+ min (random (1+ (- max min))))))
+		(insert (cj/lipsum len) "\n\n")))))
+
+;;; Customization
+
+(defgroup cj-lipsum nil
+  "Pseudo-Latin lorem ipsum text generator."
+  :prefix "cj/lipsum-"
+  :group 'text)
+
+(defcustom cj/lipsum-default-file
+  (expand-file-name "latin.txt"
+					(file-name-directory (or load-file-name buffer-file-name)))
+  "Default training file for cj-lipsum.
+
+This should be a plain UTF-8 text file with hundreds of Latin words
+or sentences.  By default it points to the bundled `latin.txt`."
+  :type 'file
+  :group 'cj-lipsum)
+
+;;; Initialization: train on default file
+(defun cj/lipsum--init ()
+  "Initialize cj-lipsum by learning from `cj/lipsum-default-file`."
+  (when (and cj/lipsum-default-file
+			 (file-readable-p cj/lipsum-default-file))
+	(cj/lipsum-reset)
+	(cj/lipsum-learn-file cj/lipsum-default-file)))
+
+(cj/lipsum--init)
+
+(provide 'lorem-generator)
+;;; lorem-generator.el ends here.