path: root/devdocs/c/numeric%2Fmath.html

    <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading">Common mathematical functions</h1>             <h3 id="Functions"> Functions</h3> <table class="t-dsc-begin"> <tr class="t-dsc-header"> <th colspan="2"> Defined in header <code>&lt;stdlib.h&gt;</code>  </th>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/abs" title="c/numeric/math/abs"> <span class="t-lines"><span>abs</span><span>labs</span><span>llabs</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> computes absolute value of an integral value (\(\small{|x|}\)|x|) <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/div" title="c/numeric/math/div"> <span class="t-lines"><span>div</span><span>ldiv</span><span>lldiv</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> computes quotient and remainder of integer division <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc-header"> <th colspan="2"> Defined in header <code>&lt;inttypes.h&gt;</code>  </th>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/abs" title="c/numeric/math/abs"> <span class="t-lines"><span>imaxabs</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> computes absolute value of an integral value (\(\small{|x|}\)|x|) <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/div" title="c/numeric/math/div"> <span class="t-lines"><span>imaxdiv</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> computes quotient and remainder of integer division <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc-header"> <th colspan="2"> Defined in header <code>&lt;math.h&gt;</code>  </th>
</tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <h5 id="Basic_operations">  Basic operations </h5> </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/fabs" title="c/numeric/math/fabs"> <span class="t-lines"><span>fabs</span><span>fabsf</span><span>fabsl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> computes absolute value of a floating-point value (\(\small{|x|}\)|x|) <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/fmod" title="c/numeric/math/fmod"> <span class="t-lines"><span>fmod</span><span>fmodf</span><span>fmodl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> computes remainder of the floating-point division operation <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/remainder" title="c/numeric/math/remainder"> <span class="t-lines"><span>remainder</span><span>remainderf</span><span>remainderl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> computes signed remainder of the floating-point division operation <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/remquo" title="c/numeric/math/remquo"> <span class="t-lines"><span>remquo</span><span>remquof</span><span>remquol</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> computes signed remainder as well as the three last bits of the division operation <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/fma" title="c/numeric/math/fma"> <span class="t-lines"><span>fma</span><span>fmaf</span><span>fmal</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> computes fused multiply-add operation <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/fmax" title="c/numeric/math/fmax"> <span class="t-lines"><span>fmax</span><span>fmaxf</span><span>fmaxl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> determines larger of two floating-point values <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/fmin" title="c/numeric/math/fmin"> <span class="t-lines"><span>fmin</span><span>fminf</span><span>fminl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> determines smaller of two floating-point values <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/fdim" title="c/numeric/math/fdim"> <span class="t-lines"><span>fdim</span><span>fdimf</span><span>fdiml</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> determines positive difference of two floating-point values (\({\small\max{(0, x-y)} }\)max(0, x-y)) <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/nan" title="c/numeric/math/nan"> <span class="t-lines"><span>nan</span><span>nanf</span><span>nanl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> returns a NaN (not-a-number) <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <h5 id="Exponential_functions">  Exponential functions </h5> </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/exp" title="c/numeric/math/exp"> <span class="t-lines"><span>exp</span><span>expf</span><span>expl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> computes <i>e</i> raised to the given power (\({\small e^x}\)e<sup>x</sup>) <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/exp2" title="c/numeric/math/exp2"> <span class="t-lines"><span>exp2</span><span>exp2f</span><span>exp2l</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> computes <i>2</i> raised to the given power (\({\small 2^x}\)2<sup>x</sup>) <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/expm1" title="c/numeric/math/expm1"> <span class="t-lines"><span>expm1</span><span>expm1f</span><span>expm1l</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> computes <i>e</i> raised to the given power, minus one (\({\small e^x-1}\)e<sup>x</sup>-1) <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/log" title="c/numeric/math/log"> <span class="t-lines"><span>log</span><span>logf</span><span>logl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> computes natural (base-<i>e</i>) logarithm (\({\small \ln{x} }\)ln(x)) <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/log10" title="c/numeric/math/log10"> <span class="t-lines"><span>log10</span><span>log10f</span><span>log10l</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> computes common (base-<i>10</i>) logarithm (\({\small \log_{10}{x} }\)log<sub>10</sub>(x)) <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/log2" title="c/numeric/math/log2"> <span class="t-lines"><span>log2</span><span>log2f</span><span>log2l</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> computes base-2 logarithm (\({\small \log_{2}{x} }\)log<sub>2</sub>(x)) <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/log1p" title="c/numeric/math/log1p"> <span class="t-lines"><span>log1p</span><span>log1pf</span><span>log1pl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> computes natural (base-<i>e</i>) logarithm of 1 plus the given number (\({\small \ln{(1+x)} }\)ln(1+x)) <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <h5 id="Power_functions">  Power functions </h5> </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/pow" title="c/numeric/math/pow"> <span class="t-lines"><span>pow</span><span>powf</span><span>powl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> computes a number raised to the given power (\(\small{x^y}\)x<sup>y</sup>) <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/sqrt" title="c/numeric/math/sqrt"> <span class="t-lines"><span>sqrt</span><span>sqrtf</span><span>sqrtl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> computes square root (\(\small{\sqrt{x} }\)<span class="t-mrad"><span>√</span><span>x</span></span>) <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/cbrt" title="c/numeric/math/cbrt"> <span class="t-lines"><span>cbrt</span><span>cbrtf</span><span>cbrtl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> computes cube root (\(\small{\sqrt[3]{x} }\)<span class="t-mrad"><span>3</span><span>√</span><span>x</span></span>) <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/hypot" title="c/numeric/math/hypot"> <span class="t-lines"><span>hypot</span><span>hypotf</span><span>hypotl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> computes square root of the sum of the squares of two given numbers (\(\scriptsize{\sqrt{x^2+y^2} }\)<span class="t-mrad"><span>√</span><span>x<sup class="t-su">2</sup>+y<sup class="t-su">2</sup></span></span>) <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <h5 id="Trigonometric_functions">  Trigonometric functions </h5> </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/sin" title="c/numeric/math/sin"> <span class="t-lines"><span>sin</span><span>sinf</span><span>sinl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> computes sine (\({\small\sin{x} }\)sin(x)) <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/cos" title="c/numeric/math/cos"> <span class="t-lines"><span>cos</span><span>cosf</span><span>cosl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> computes cosine (\({\small\cos{x} }\)cos(x)) <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/tan" title="c/numeric/math/tan"> <span class="t-lines"><span>tan</span><span>tanf</span><span>tanl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> computes tangent (\({\small\tan{x} }\)tan(x)) <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/asin" title="c/numeric/math/asin"> <span class="t-lines"><span>asin</span><span>asinf</span><span>asinl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> computes arc sine (\({\small\arcsin{x} }\)arcsin(x)) <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/acos" title="c/numeric/math/acos"> <span class="t-lines"><span>acos</span><span>acosf</span><span>acosl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> computes arc cosine (\({\small\arccos{x} }\)arccos(x)) <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/atan" title="c/numeric/math/atan"> <span class="t-lines"><span>atan</span><span>atanf</span><span>atanl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> computes arc tangent (\({\small\arctan{x} }\)arctan(x)) <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/atan2" title="c/numeric/math/atan2"> <span class="t-lines"><span>atan2</span><span>atan2f</span><span>atan2l</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> computes arc tangent, using signs to determine quadrants <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <h5 id="Hyperbolic_functions">  Hyperbolic functions </h5> </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/sinh" title="c/numeric/math/sinh"> <span class="t-lines"><span>sinh</span><span>sinhf</span><span>sinhl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> computes hyperbolic sine (\({\small\sinh{x} }\)sinh(x)) <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/cosh" title="c/numeric/math/cosh"> <span class="t-lines"><span>cosh</span><span>coshf</span><span>coshl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> computes hyperbolic cosine (\({\small\cosh{x} }\)cosh(x)) <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/tanh" title="c/numeric/math/tanh"> <span class="t-lines"><span>tanh</span><span>tanhf</span><span>tanhl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> computes hyperbolic tangent (\({\small\tanh{x} }\)tanh(x)) <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/asinh" title="c/numeric/math/asinh"> <span class="t-lines"><span>asinh</span><span>asinhf</span><span>asinhl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> computes inverse hyperbolic sine (\({\small\operatorname{arsinh}{x} }\)arsinh(x)) <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/acosh" title="c/numeric/math/acosh"> <span class="t-lines"><span>acosh</span><span>acoshf</span><span>acoshl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> computes inverse hyperbolic cosine (\({\small\operatorname{arcosh}{x} }\)arcosh(x)) <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/atanh" title="c/numeric/math/atanh"> <span class="t-lines"><span>atanh</span><span>atanhf</span><span>atanhl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> computes inverse hyperbolic tangent (\({\small\operatorname{artanh}{x} }\)artanh(x)) <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <h5 id="Error_and_gamma_functions">  Error and gamma functions </h5> </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/erf" title="c/numeric/math/erf"> <span class="t-lines"><span>erf</span><span>erff</span><span>erfl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> computes error function <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/erfc" title="c/numeric/math/erfc"> <span class="t-lines"><span>erfc</span><span>erfcf</span><span>erfcl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> computes complementary error function <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/tgamma" title="c/numeric/math/tgamma"> <span class="t-lines"><span>tgamma</span><span>tgammaf</span><span>tgammal</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> computes gamma function <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/lgamma" title="c/numeric/math/lgamma"> <span class="t-lines"><span>lgamma</span><span>lgammaf</span><span>lgammal</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> computes natural (base-<i>e</i>) logarithm of the gamma function <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <h5 id="Nearest_integer_floating-point_operations">  Nearest integer floating-point operations </h5> </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/ceil" title="c/numeric/math/ceil"> <span class="t-lines"><span>ceil</span><span>ceilf</span><span>ceill</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> computes smallest integer not less than the given value <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/floor" title="c/numeric/math/floor"> <span class="t-lines"><span>floor</span><span>floorf</span><span>floorl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> computes largest integer not greater than the given value <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/trunc" title="c/numeric/math/trunc"> <span class="t-lines"><span>trunc</span><span>truncf</span><span>truncl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> rounds to nearest integer not greater in magnitude than the given value <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/round" title="c/numeric/math/round"> <span class="t-lines"><span>round</span><span>roundf</span><span>roundl</span><span>lround</span><span>lroundf</span><span>lroundl</span><span>llround</span><span>llroundf</span><span>llroundl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> rounds to nearest integer, rounding away from zero in halfway cases <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/nearbyint" title="c/numeric/math/nearbyint"> <span class="t-lines"><span>nearbyint</span><span>nearbyintf</span><span>nearbyintl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> rounds to an integer using current rounding mode <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/rint" title="c/numeric/math/rint"> <span class="t-lines"><span>rint</span><span>rintf</span><span>rintl</span><span>lrint</span><span>lrintf</span><span>lrintl</span><span>llrint</span><span>llrintf</span><span>llrintl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> rounds to an integer using current rounding mode with <br> exception if the result differs <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <h5 id="Floating-point_manipulation_functions">  Floating-point manipulation functions </h5> </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/frexp" title="c/numeric/math/frexp"> <span class="t-lines"><span>frexp</span><span>frexpf</span><span>frexpl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> breaks a number into significand and a power of <code>2</code> <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/ldexp" title="c/numeric/math/ldexp"> <span class="t-lines"><span>ldexp</span><span>ldexpf</span><span>ldexpl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> multiplies a number by <code>2</code> raised to a power <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/modf" title="c/numeric/math/modf"> <span class="t-lines"><span>modf</span><span>modff</span><span>modfl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> breaks a number into integer and fractional parts <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/scalbn" title="c/numeric/math/scalbn"> <span class="t-lines"><span>scalbn</span><span>scalbnf</span><span>scalbnl</span><span>scalbln</span><span>scalblnf</span><span>scalblnl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> computes efficiently a number times <code><a href="../types/limits" title="c/types/limits">FLT_RADIX</a></code> raised to a power <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/ilogb" title="c/numeric/math/ilogb"> <span class="t-lines"><span>ilogb</span><span>ilogbf</span><span>ilogbl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> extracts exponent of the given number <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/logb" title="c/numeric/math/logb"> <span class="t-lines"><span>logb</span><span>logbf</span><span>logbl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> extracts exponent of the given number <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/nextafter" title="c/numeric/math/nextafter"> <span class="t-lines"><span>nextafter</span><span>nextafterf</span><span>nextafterl</span><span>nexttoward</span><span>nexttowardf</span><span>nexttowardl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> determines next representable floating-point value towards the given value <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/copysign" title="c/numeric/math/copysign"> <span class="t-lines"><span>copysign</span><span>copysignf</span><span>copysignl</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> produces a value with the magnitude of a given value and the sign of another given value <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <h5 id="Classification_and_comparison">  Classification and comparison </h5> </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/fpclassify" title="c/numeric/math/fpclassify"> <span class="t-lines"><span>fpclassify</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> classifies the given floating-point value <br> <span class="t-mark">(function macro)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/isfinite" title="c/numeric/math/isfinite"> <span class="t-lines"><span>isfinite</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> checks if the given number has finite value <br> <span class="t-mark">(function macro)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/isinf" title="c/numeric/math/isinf"> <span class="t-lines"><span>isinf</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> checks if the given number is infinite <br> <span class="t-mark">(function macro)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/isnan" title="c/numeric/math/isnan"> <span class="t-lines"><span>isnan</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> checks if the given number is NaN <br> <span class="t-mark">(function macro)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/isnormal" title="c/numeric/math/isnormal"> <span class="t-lines"><span>isnormal</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> checks if the given number is normal <br> <span class="t-mark">(function macro)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/signbit" title="c/numeric/math/signbit"> <span class="t-lines"><span>signbit</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> checks if the given number is negative <br> <span class="t-mark">(function macro)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/isgreater" title="c/numeric/math/isgreater"> <span class="t-lines"><span>isgreater</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> checks if the first floating-point argument is greater than the second <br> <span class="t-mark">(function macro)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/isgreaterequal" title="c/numeric/math/isgreaterequal"> <span class="t-lines"><span>isgreaterequal</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> checks if the first floating-point argument is greater or equal than the second <br> <span class="t-mark">(function macro)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/isless" title="c/numeric/math/isless"> <span class="t-lines"><span>isless</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> checks if the first floating-point argument is less than the second <br> <span class="t-mark">(function macro)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/islessequal" title="c/numeric/math/islessequal"> <span class="t-lines"><span>islessequal</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> checks if the first floating-point argument is less or equal than the second <br> <span class="t-mark">(function macro)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/islessgreater" title="c/numeric/math/islessgreater"> <span class="t-lines"><span>islessgreater</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> checks if the first floating-point argument is less or greater than the second <br> <span class="t-mark">(function macro)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/isunordered" title="c/numeric/math/isunordered"> <span class="t-lines"><span>isunordered</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> checks if two floating-point values are unordered <br> <span class="t-mark">(function macro)</span>  </td>
</tr> </table> <h3 id="Types"> Types</h3> <table class="t-dsc-begin"> <tr class="t-dsc-header"> <th colspan="2"> Defined in header <code>&lt;stdlib.h&gt;</code>  </th>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/div" title="c/numeric/math/div"> <span class="t-lines"><span>div_t</span></span></a></div> </td> <td> structure type, return of the <code><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/c/numeric/math/div"><span class="kw645">div</span></a></code> function <br> <span class="t-mark">(typedef)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/div" title="c/numeric/math/div"> <span class="t-lines"><span>ldiv_t</span></span></a></div> </td> <td> structure type, return of the <code><a href="http://en.cppreference.com/w/c/numeric/math/div"><span class="kw646">ldiv</span></a></code> function <br> <span class="t-mark">(typedef)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/div" title="c/numeric/math/div"> <span class="t-lines"><span>lldiv_t</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> structure type, return of the <code>lldiv</code> function <br> <span class="t-mark">(typedef)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc-header"> <th colspan="2"> Defined in header <code>&lt;inttypes.h&gt;</code>  </th>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/div" title="c/numeric/math/div"> <span class="t-lines"><span>imaxdiv_t</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> structure type, return of the <code>imaxdiv</code> function <br> <span class="t-mark">(typedef)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc-header"> <th colspan="2"> Defined in header <code>&lt;math.h&gt;</code>  </th>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/float_t" title="c/numeric/math/float t"> <span class="t-lines"><span>float_t</span><span>double_t</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> most efficient floating-point type at least as wide as <code>float</code> or <code>double</code> <br> <span class="t-mark">(typedef)</span>  </td>
</tr> </table> <h3 id="Macro_constants"> Macro constants</h3> <table class="t-dsc-begin"> <tr class="t-dsc-header"> <th colspan="2"> Defined in header <code>&lt;math.h&gt;</code>  </th>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/huge_val" title="c/numeric/math/HUGE VAL"> <span class="t-lines"><span>HUGE_VALF</span><span>HUGE_VAL</span><span>HUGE_VALL</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> indicates value too big to be representable (infinity) by <code>float</code>, <code>double</code> and <code>long double</code> respectively <br> <span class="t-mark">(macro constant)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/infinity" title="c/numeric/math/INFINITY"> <span class="t-lines"><span>INFINITY</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> evaluates to positive infinity or the value guaranteed to overflow a <code>float</code> <br> <span class="t-mark">(macro constant)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/nan" title="c/numeric/math/NAN"> <span class="t-lines"><span>NAN</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> evaluates to a quiet NaN of type <code>float</code> <br> <span class="t-mark">(macro constant)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/fma" title="c/numeric/math/fma"> <span class="t-lines"><span>FP_FAST_FMAF</span><span>FP_FAST_FMA</span><span>FP_FAST_FMAL</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> indicates that the fma function generally executes about as fast as, or faster than, a multiply and an add of double operands <br> <span class="t-mark">(macro constant)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/ilogb" title="c/numeric/math/ilogb"> <span class="t-lines"><span>FP_ILOGB0</span><span>FP_ILOGBNAN</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> evaluates to ilogb(x) if x is zero or NaN, respectively <br> <span class="t-mark">(macro constant)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/math_errhandling" title="c/numeric/math/math errhandling"> <span class="t-lines"><span>math_errhandling</span><span>MATH_ERRNO</span><span>MATH_ERREXCEPT</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> defines the error handling mechanism used by the common mathematical functions <br> <span class="t-mark">(macro constant)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <h5 id="Classification">  Classification </h5> </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="math/fp_categories" title="c/numeric/math/FP categories"> <span class="t-lines"><span>FP_NORMAL</span><span>FP_SUBNORMAL</span><span>FP_ZERO</span><span>FP_INFINITE</span><span>FP_NAN</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> indicates a floating-point category <br> <span class="t-mark">(macro constant)</span>  </td>
</tr> </table> <h3 id="References"> References</h3>  <ul>
<li> C17 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2018): </li>
<ul>
<li> 7.8 Format conversion of integer types &lt;inttypes.h&gt; (p: 158-160) </li>
<li> 7.12 Mathematics &lt;math.h&gt; (p: 169-190) </li>
<li> 7.22 General utilities &lt;stdlib.h&gt; (p: 248-262) </li>
<li> 7.31.5 Format conversion of integer types &lt;inttypes.h&gt; (p: 332) </li>
<li> 7.31.12 General utilities &lt;stdlib.h&gt; (p: 333) </li>
</ul>
<li> C11 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011): </li>
<ul>
<li> 7.8 Format conversion of integer types &lt;inttypes.h&gt; (p: 217-220) </li>
<li> 7.12 Mathematics &lt;math.h&gt; (p: 231-261) </li>
<li> 7.22 General utilities &lt;stdlib.h&gt; (p: 340-360) </li>
<li> 7.31.5 Format conversion of integer types &lt;inttypes.h&gt; (p: 455) </li>
<li> 7.31.12 General utilities &lt;stdlib.h&gt; (p: 456) </li>
</ul>
<li> C99 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1999): </li>
<ul>
<li> 7.8 Format conversion of integer types &lt;inttypes.h&gt; (p: 198-201) </li>
<li> 7.12 Mathematics &lt;math.h&gt; (p: 212-242) </li>
<li> 7.20 General utilities &lt;stdlib.h&gt; (p: 306-324) </li>
<li> 7.26.4 Format conversion of integer types &lt;inttypes.h&gt; (p: 401) </li>
<li> 7.26.10 General utilities &lt;stdlib.h&gt; (p: 402) </li>
</ul>
<li> C89/C90 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1990): </li>
<ul>
<li> 4.5 MATHEMATICS &lt;math.h&gt; </li>
<li> 4.10 GENERAL UTILITIES &lt;stdlib.h&gt; </li>
<li> 4.13.4 Mathematics &lt;math.h&gt; </li>
<li> 7.13.7 General utilities &lt;stdlib.h&gt; </li>
</ul>
</ul>                              <h3 id="See_also"> See also</h3> <table class="t-dsc-begin"> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td colspan="2"> <span><a href="https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/numeric/math" title="cpp/numeric/math">C++ documentation</a></span> for <span class=""><span>Common mathematical functions</span></span> </td>
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