path: root/devdocs/c/string%2Fbyte.html

    <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading">Null-terminated byte strings</h1>            <p>A null-terminated byte string (NTBS) is a sequence of nonzero bytes followed by a byte with value zero (the terminating null character). Each byte in a byte string encodes one character of some character set. For example, the character array <code>{'\x63','\x61','\x74','\0'}</code> is an NTBS holding the string <code>"cat"</code> in <a href="../language/ascii" title="c/language/ascii">ASCII</a> encoding.</p>
<h3 id="Functions"> Functions</h3> <table class="t-dsc-begin"> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <h5 id="Character_classification">  Character classification </h5> </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc-header"> <th colspan="2"> Defined in header <code>&lt;ctype.h&gt;</code>  </th>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="byte/isalnum" title="c/string/byte/isalnum"> <span class="t-lines"><span>isalnum</span></span></a></div> </td> <td> checks if a character is alphanumeric <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="byte/isalpha" title="c/string/byte/isalpha"> <span class="t-lines"><span>isalpha</span></span></a></div> </td> <td> checks if a character is alphabetic <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="byte/islower" title="c/string/byte/islower"> <span class="t-lines"><span>islower</span></span></a></div> </td> <td> checks if a character is lowercase <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="byte/isupper" title="c/string/byte/isupper"> <span class="t-lines"><span>isupper</span></span></a></div> </td> <td> checks if a character is an uppercase character <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="byte/isdigit" title="c/string/byte/isdigit"> <span class="t-lines"><span>isdigit</span></span></a></div> </td> <td> checks if a character is a digit <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="byte/isxdigit" title="c/string/byte/isxdigit"> <span class="t-lines"><span>isxdigit</span></span></a></div> </td> <td> checks if a character is a hexadecimal character <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="byte/iscntrl" title="c/string/byte/iscntrl"> <span class="t-lines"><span>iscntrl</span></span></a></div> </td> <td> checks if a character is a control character <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="byte/isgraph" title="c/string/byte/isgraph"> <span class="t-lines"><span>isgraph</span></span></a></div> </td> <td> checks if a character is a graphical character <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="byte/isspace" title="c/string/byte/isspace"> <span class="t-lines"><span>isspace</span></span></a></div> </td> <td> checks if a character is a space character <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="byte/isblank" title="c/string/byte/isblank"> <span class="t-lines"><span>isblank</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> checks if a character is a blank character <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="byte/isprint" title="c/string/byte/isprint"> <span class="t-lines"><span>isprint</span></span></a></div> </td> <td> checks if a character is a printing character <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="byte/ispunct" title="c/string/byte/ispunct"> <span class="t-lines"><span>ispunct</span></span></a></div> </td> <td> checks if a character is a punctuation character <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <h5 id="Character_manipulation">  Character manipulation </h5> </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="byte/tolower" title="c/string/byte/tolower"> <span class="t-lines"><span>tolower</span></span></a></div> </td> <td> converts a character to lowercase <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="byte/toupper" title="c/string/byte/toupper"> <span class="t-lines"><span>toupper</span></span></a></div> </td> <td> converts a character to uppercase <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> </table> <p>Note: additional functions whose names begin with either <code>to</code> or <code>is</code>, followed by a lowercase letter, may be added to the header <code>ctype.h</code> in future and should not be defined by programs that include that header.</p>
<table class="wikitable"> <tr> <th colspan="3"> ASCII values </th> <th rowspan="2"> characters </th> <th rowspan="2"> <p><a href="byte/iscntrl" title="c/string/byte/iscntrl"><code>iscntrl</code></a><br> <a href="wide/iswcntrl" title="c/string/wide/iswcntrl"><code>iswcntrl</code></a></p>
</th> <th rowspan="2"> <p><a href="byte/isprint" title="c/string/byte/isprint"><code>isprint</code></a><br> <a href="wide/iswprint" title="c/string/wide/iswprint"><code>iswprint</code></a></p>
</th> <th rowspan="2"> <p><a href="byte/isspace" title="c/string/byte/isspace"><code>isspace</code></a><br> <a href="wide/iswspace" title="c/string/wide/iswspace"><code>iswspace</code></a></p>
</th> <th rowspan="2"> <p><a href="byte/isblank" title="c/string/byte/isblank"><code>isblank</code></a><br> <a href="wide/iswblank" title="c/string/wide/iswblank"><code>iswblank</code></a></p>
</th> <th rowspan="2"> <p><a href="byte/isgraph" title="c/string/byte/isgraph"><code>isgraph</code></a><br> <a href="wide/iswgraph" title="c/string/wide/iswgraph"><code>iswgraph</code></a></p>
</th> <th rowspan="2"> <p><a href="byte/ispunct" title="c/string/byte/ispunct"><code>ispunct</code></a> <br> <a href="wide/iswpunct" title="c/string/wide/iswpunct"><code>iswpunct</code></a></p>
</th> <th rowspan="2"> <p><a href="byte/isalnum" title="c/string/byte/isalnum"><code>isalnum</code></a> <br> <a href="wide/iswalnum" title="c/string/wide/iswalnum"><code>iswalnum</code></a></p>
</th> <th rowspan="2"> <p><a href="byte/isalpha" title="c/string/byte/isalpha"><code>isalpha</code></a> <br> <a href="wide/iswalpha" title="c/string/wide/iswalpha"><code>iswalpha</code></a></p>
</th> <th rowspan="2"> <p><a href="byte/isupper" title="c/string/byte/isupper"><code>isupper</code></a><br> <a href="wide/iswupper" title="c/string/wide/iswupper"><code>iswupper</code></a></p>
</th> <th rowspan="2"> <p><a href="byte/islower" title="c/string/byte/islower"><code>islower</code></a><br> <a href="wide/iswlower" title="c/string/wide/iswlower"><code>iswlower</code></a></p>
</th> <th rowspan="2"> <p><a href="byte/isdigit" title="c/string/byte/isdigit"><code>isdigit</code></a><br> <a href="wide/iswdigit" title="c/string/wide/iswdigit"><code>iswdigit</code></a></p>
</th> <th rowspan="2"> <p><a href="byte/isxdigit" title="c/string/byte/isxdigit"><code>isxdigit</code></a><br> <a href="wide/iswxdigit" title="c/string/wide/iswxdigit"><code>iswxdigit</code></a></p>
</th>
</tr> <tr> <th> decimal </th> <th> hexadecimal </th> <th> octal </th>
</tr> <tr> <td> 0–8 </td> <td> <code>\x0</code>–<code>\x8</code> </td> <td> <code>\0</code>–<code>\10</code> </td> <td> control codes (<code>NUL</code>, etc.) </td> <td class="table-yes">
<b><code>≠0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td>
</tr> <tr> <td> 9 </td> <td> <code>\x9</code> </td> <td> <code>\11</code> </td> <td> tab (<code>\t</code>) </td> <td class="table-yes">
<b><code>≠0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-yes">
<b><code>≠0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-yes">
<b><code>≠0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td>
</tr> <tr> <td> 10–13 </td> <td> <code>\xA</code>–<code>\xD</code> </td> <td> <code>\12</code>–<code>\15</code> </td> <td> whitespaces (<code>\n</code>, <code>\v</code>, <code>\f</code>, <code>\r</code>) </td> <td class="table-yes">
<b><code>≠0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-yes">
<b><code>≠0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td>
</tr> <tr> <td> 14–31 </td> <td> <code>\xE</code>–<code>\x1F</code> </td> <td> <code>\16</code>–<code>\37</code> </td> <td> control codes </td> <td class="table-yes">
<b><code>≠0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td>
</tr> <tr> <td> 32 </td> <td> <code>\x20</code> </td> <td> <code>\40</code> </td> <td> space </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-yes">
<b><code>≠0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-yes">
<b><code>≠0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-yes">
<b><code>≠0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td>
</tr> <tr> <td> 33–47 </td> <td> <code>\x21</code>–<code>\x2F</code> </td> <td> <code>\41</code>–<code>\57</code> </td> <td> <code>!"#$%&amp;'()*+,-./</code> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-yes">
<b><code>≠0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-yes">
<b><code>≠0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-yes">
<b><code>≠0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td>
</tr> <tr> <td> 48–57 </td> <td> <code>\x30</code>–<code>\x39</code> </td> <td> <code>\60</code>–<code>\71</code> </td> <td> <code>0123456789</code> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-yes">
<b><code>≠0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-yes">
<b><code>≠0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-yes">
<b><code>≠0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-yes">
<b><code>≠0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-yes">
<b><code>≠0</code></b> </td>
</tr> <tr> <td> 58–64 </td> <td> <code>\x3A</code>–<code>\x40</code> </td> <td> <code>\72</code>–<code>\100</code> </td> <td> <code>:;&lt;=&gt;?@</code> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-yes">
<b><code>≠0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-yes">
<b><code>≠0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-yes">
<b><code>≠0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td>
</tr> <tr> <td> 65–70 </td> <td> <code>\x41</code>–<code>\x46</code> </td> <td> <code>\101</code>–<code>\106</code> </td> <td> <code>ABCDEF</code> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-yes">
<b><code>≠0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-yes">
<b><code>≠0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-yes">
<b><code>≠0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-yes">
<b><code>≠0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-yes">
<b><code>≠0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-yes">
<b><code>≠0</code></b> </td>
</tr> <tr> <td> 71–90 </td> <td> <code>\x47</code>–<code>\x5A</code> </td> <td> <code>\107</code>–<code>\132</code> </td> <td> <code>GHIJKLMNOP</code><br><code>QRSTUVWXYZ</code> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-yes">
<b><code>≠0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-yes">
<b><code>≠0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-yes">
<b><code>≠0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-yes">
<b><code>≠0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-yes">
<b><code>≠0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td>
</tr> <tr> <td> 91–96 </td> <td> <code>\x5B</code>–<code>\x60</code> </td> <td> <code>\133</code>–<code>\140</code> </td> <td> <code>[\]^_`</code> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-yes">
<b><code>≠0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-yes">
<b><code>≠0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-yes">
<b><code>≠0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td>
</tr> <tr> <td> 97–102 </td> <td> <code>\x61</code>–<code>\x66</code> </td> <td> <code>\141</code>–<code>\146</code> </td> <td> <code>abcdef</code> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-yes">
<b><code>≠0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-yes">
<b><code>≠0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-yes">
<b><code>≠0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-yes">
<b><code>≠0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-yes">
<b><code>≠0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-yes">
<b><code>≠0</code></b> </td>
</tr> <tr> <td> 103–122 </td> <td> <code>\x67</code>–<code>\x7A</code> </td> <td> <code>\147</code>–<code>\172</code> </td> <td> <code>ghijklmnop</code><br><code>qrstuvwxyz</code> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-yes">
<b><code>≠0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-yes">
<b><code>≠0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-yes">
<b><code>≠0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-yes">
<b><code>≠0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-yes">
<b><code>≠0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td>
</tr> <tr> <td> 123–126 </td> <td> <code>\x7B</code>–<code>\x7E</code> </td> <td> <code>\172</code>–<code>\176</code> </td> <td> <code>{|}~</code> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-yes">
<b><code>≠0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-yes">
<b><code>≠0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-yes">
<b><code>≠0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td>
</tr> <tr> <td> 127 </td> <td> <code>\x7F</code> </td> <td> <code>\177</code> </td> <td> backspace character (<code>DEL</code>) </td> <td class="table-yes">
<b><code>≠0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td> <td class="table-no"> <b><code>0</code></b> </td>
</tr>
</table> <table class="t-dsc-begin"> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <h5 id="Conversions_to_and_from_numeric_formats">  Conversions to and from numeric formats </h5> </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc-header"> <th colspan="2"> Defined in header <code>&lt;stdlib.h&gt;</code>  </th>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="byte/atof" title="c/string/byte/atof"> <span class="t-lines"><span>atof</span></span></a></div> </td> <td> converts a byte string to a floating-point value <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="byte/atoi" title="c/string/byte/atoi"> <span class="t-lines"><span>atoi</span><span>atol</span><span>atoll</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> converts a byte string to an integer value <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="byte/strtol" title="c/string/byte/strtol"> <span class="t-lines"><span>strtol</span><span>strtoll</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> converts a byte string to an integer value <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="byte/strtoul" title="c/string/byte/strtoul"> <span class="t-lines"><span>strtoul</span><span> strtoull</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> converts a byte string to an unsigned integer value <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="byte/strtof" title="c/string/byte/strtof"> <span class="t-lines"><span>strtof</span><span>strtod</span><span>strtold</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> converts a byte string to a floating point value <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="byte/strfromf" title="c/string/byte/strfromf"> <span class="t-lines"><span>strfromf</span><span>strfromd</span><span>strfromld</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c23">(C23)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c23">(C23)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c23">(C23)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> converts a floating point value to a byte string <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc-header"> <th colspan="2"> Defined in header <code>&lt;inttypes.h&gt;</code>  </th>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="byte/strtoimax" title="c/string/byte/strtoimax"> <span class="t-lines"><span>strtoimax</span><span>strtoumax</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> converts a byte string to <code><a href="../types/integer" title="c/types/integer">intmax_t</a></code> or <code><a href="../types/integer" title="c/types/integer">uintmax_t</a></code> <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <h5 id="String_manipulation">  String manipulation </h5> </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc-header"> <th colspan="2"> Defined in header <code>&lt;string.h&gt;</code>  </th>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="byte/strcpy" title="c/string/byte/strcpy"> <span class="t-lines"><span>strcpy</span><span>strcpy_s</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> copies one string to another <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="byte/strncpy" title="c/string/byte/strncpy"> <span class="t-lines"><span>strncpy</span><span>strncpy_s</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> copies a certain amount of characters from one string to another <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="byte/strcat" title="c/string/byte/strcat"> <span class="t-lines"><span>strcat</span><span>strcat_s</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> concatenates two strings <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="byte/strncat" title="c/string/byte/strncat"> <span class="t-lines"><span>strncat</span><span>strncat_s</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> concatenates a certain amount of characters of two strings <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="byte/strxfrm" title="c/string/byte/strxfrm"> <span class="t-lines"><span>strxfrm</span></span></a></div> </td> <td> transform a string so that strcmp would produce the same result as strcoll <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="byte/strdup" title="c/string/byte/strdup"> <span class="t-lines"><span>strdup</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c23">(C23)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> allocates a copy of a string <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="byte/strndup" title="c/string/byte/strndup"> <span class="t-lines"><span>strndup</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c23">(C23)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> allocates a copy of a string of specified size <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <h5 id="String_examination">  String examination </h5> </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc-header"> <th colspan="2"> Defined in header <code>&lt;string.h&gt;</code>  </th>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="byte/strlen" title="c/string/byte/strlen"> <span class="t-lines"><span>strlen</span><span>strnlen_s</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> returns the length of a given string <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="byte/strcmp" title="c/string/byte/strcmp"> <span class="t-lines"><span>strcmp</span></span></a></div> </td> <td> compares two strings <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="byte/strncmp" title="c/string/byte/strncmp"> <span class="t-lines"><span>strncmp</span></span></a></div> </td> <td> compares a certain amount of characters of two strings <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="byte/strcoll" title="c/string/byte/strcoll"> <span class="t-lines"><span>strcoll</span></span></a></div> </td> <td> compares two strings in accordance to the current locale <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="byte/strchr" title="c/string/byte/strchr"> <span class="t-lines"><span>strchr</span></span></a></div> </td> <td> finds the first occurrence of a character <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="byte/strrchr" title="c/string/byte/strrchr"> <span class="t-lines"><span>strrchr</span></span></a></div> </td> <td> finds the last occurrence of a character <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="byte/strspn" title="c/string/byte/strspn"> <span class="t-lines"><span>strspn</span></span></a></div> </td> <td> returns the length of the maximum initial segment that consists <br> of only the characters found in another byte string <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="byte/strcspn" title="c/string/byte/strcspn"> <span class="t-lines"><span>strcspn</span></span></a></div> </td> <td> returns the length of the maximum initial segment that consists <br> of only the characters not found in another byte string <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="byte/strpbrk" title="c/string/byte/strpbrk"> <span class="t-lines"><span>strpbrk</span></span></a></div> </td> <td> finds the first location of any character in one string, in another string <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="byte/strstr" title="c/string/byte/strstr"> <span class="t-lines"><span>strstr</span></span></a></div> </td> <td> finds the first occurrence of a substring of characters <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="byte/strtok" title="c/string/byte/strtok"> <span class="t-lines"><span>strtok</span><span>strtok_s</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> finds the next token in a byte string <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <h5 id="Character_array_manipulation">  Character array manipulation </h5> </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc-header"> <th colspan="2"> Defined in header <code>&lt;string.h&gt;</code>  </th>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="byte/memchr" title="c/string/byte/memchr"> <span class="t-lines"><span>memchr</span></span></a></div> </td> <td> searches an array for the first occurrence of a character <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="byte/memcmp" title="c/string/byte/memcmp"> <span class="t-lines"><span>memcmp</span></span></a></div> </td> <td> compares two buffers <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="byte/memset" title="c/string/byte/memset"> <span class="t-lines"><span>memset</span><span>memset_explicit</span><span>memset_s</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c23">(C23)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> fills a buffer with a character <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="byte/memcpy" title="c/string/byte/memcpy"> <span class="t-lines"><span>memcpy</span><span>memcpy_s</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> copies one buffer to another <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="byte/memmove" title="c/string/byte/memmove"> <span class="t-lines"><span>memmove</span><span>memmove_s</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> moves one buffer to another <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="byte/memccpy" title="c/string/byte/memccpy"> <span class="t-lines"><span>memccpy</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c23">(C23)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> copies one buffer to another, stopping after the specified delimiter <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <h5 id="Miscellaneous">  Miscellaneous </h5> </td>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc-header"> <th colspan="2"> Defined in header <code>&lt;string.h&gt;</code>  </th>
</tr> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td> <div><a href="byte/strerror" title="c/string/byte/strerror"> <span class="t-lines"><span>strerror</span><span>strerror_s</span><span>strerrorlen_s</span></span></a></div>
<div><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span><span><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span></span></span></div> </td> <td> returns a text version of a given error code <br> <span class="t-mark">(function)</span>  </td>
</tr> </table> <h3 id="References"> References</h3>  <ul>
<li> C11 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011): </li>
<ul>
<li> 7.4 Character handling &lt;ctype.h&gt; (p: 200-204) </li>
<li> 7.8 Format conversion of integer types &lt;inttypes.h&gt; (p: 217-220) </li>
<li> 7.22 General utilities &lt;stdlib.h&gt; (p: 340-360) </li>
<li> 7.24 String handling &lt;string.h&gt; (p: 362-372) </li>
<li> 7.31.2 Character handling &lt;ctype.h&gt; (p: 455) </li>
<li> 7.31.5 Format conversion of integer types &lt;inttypes.h&gt; (p: 455) </li>
<li> 7.31.12 General utilities &lt;stdlib.h&gt; (p: 456) </li>
<li> 7.31.13 String handling &lt;string.h&gt; (p: 456) </li>
<li> K.3.6 General utilities &lt;stdlib.h&gt; (p: 604-613) </li>
<li> K.3.7 String handling &lt;string.h&gt; (p: 614-623) </li>
</ul>
<li> C99 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1999): </li>
<ul>
<li> 7.4 Character handling &lt;ctype.h&gt; (p: 181-185) </li>
<li> 7.8 Format conversion of integer types &lt;inttypes.h&gt; (p: 198-201) </li>
<li> 7.20 General utilities &lt;stdlib.h&gt; (p: 306-324) </li>
<li> 7.21 String handling &lt;string.h&gt; (p: 325-334) </li>
<li> 7.26.2 Character handling &lt;ctype.h&gt; (p: 401) </li>
<li> 7.26.4 Format conversion of integer types &lt;inttypes.h&gt; (p: 401) </li>
<li> 7.26.10 General utilities &lt;stdlib.h&gt; (p: 402) </li>
<li> 7.26.11 String handling &lt;string.h&gt; (p: 402) </li>
</ul>
<li> C89/C90 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1990): </li>
<ul>
<li> 4.3 CHARACTER HANDLING &lt;ctype.h&gt; </li>
<li> 4.10 GENERAL UTILITIES &lt;stdlib.h&gt; </li>
<li> 4.11 STRING HANDLING &lt;string.h&gt; </li>
<li> 4.13.2 Character handling &lt;ctype.h&gt; </li>
<li> 4.13.7 General utilities &lt;stdlib.h&gt; </li>
<li> 4.13.8 String handling &lt;string.h&gt; </li>
</ul>
</ul>                              <h3 id="See_also"> See also</h3> <table class="t-dsc-begin"> <tr class="t-dsc"> <td colspan="2"> <span><a href="https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/byte" title="cpp/string/byte">C++ documentation</a></span> for <span class=""><span><code>Null</code>-terminated byte strings</span></span> </td>
</tr> </table>            <div class="_attribution">
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