path: root/devdocs/html/element%2Fthead.html

<header><h1>&lt;thead&gt;: The Table Head element</h1></header><div class="section-content"><p>The <code>&lt;thead&gt;</code> <a href="../index">HTML</a> element defines a set of rows defining the head of the columns of the table.</p></div>
<h2 id="try_it">Try it</h2>
<div class="section-content"><iframe class="interactive is-tabbed-taller-height" height="200" src="https://interactive-examples.mdn.mozilla.net/pages/tabbed/thead.html" title="MDN Web Docs Interactive Example" loading="lazy"></iframe></div>
<h2 id="attributes">Attributes</h2>
<div class="section-content"><p>This element includes the <a href="../global_attributes">global attributes</a>.</p></div>
<h3 id="deprecated_attributes">Deprecated attributes</h3>
<div class="section-content"><dl> <dt id="align">
<a href="#align"><code>align</code></a> <abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr>
</dt> <dd> <p>This <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Enumerated">enumerated</a> attribute specifies how horizontal alignment of each cell content will be handled. Possible values are:</p> <ul> <li>
<code>left</code>, aligning the content to the left of the cell</li> <li>
<code>center</code>, centering the content in the cell</li> <li>
<code>right</code>, aligning the content to the right of the cell</li> <li>
<code>justify</code>, inserting spaces into the textual content so that the content is justified in the cell</li> <li>
<code>char</code>, aligning the textual content on a special character with a minimal offset, defined by the <a href="#char"><code>char</code></a> and <a href="#charoff"><code>charoff</code></a> attributes.</li> </ul> <p>If this attribute is not set, the <code>left</code> value is assumed.</p> <div class="notecard warning" id="sect1"> <p><strong>Warning:</strong> Do not use this attribute as it is obsolete (not supported) in the latest standard.</p> <ul> <li>To align values, use the CSS <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/text-align"><code>text-align</code></a> property instead.</li> </ul> </div> </dd> <dt id="bgcolor">
<a href="#bgcolor"><code>bgcolor</code></a> <abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr>
</dt> <dd> <p>This attribute defines the background color of each column cell. It accepts a 6-digit hexadecimal color or a named color. Alpha transparency is not supported.</p> <div class="notecard note" id="sect2"> <p><strong>Note:</strong> Do not use this attribute, as it is non-standard. The <code>thead</code> element should be styled using the CSS <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/background-color"><code>background-color</code></a> property, which can be applied to any element, including the <code>thead</code>, <a href="tr"><code>&lt;tr&gt;</code></a>, <a href="td"><code>&lt;td&gt;</code></a> and <a href="th"><code>&lt;th&gt;</code></a> elements.</p> </div> </dd> <dt id="char">
<a href="#char"><code>char</code></a> <abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr>
</dt> <dd> <p>This attribute is used to set the character to align the cells in a column on. Typical values for this include a period (.) when attempting to align numbers or monetary values. If <a href="#align"><code>align</code></a> is not set to <code>char</code>, this attribute is ignored.</p> <div class="notecard note" id="sect3"> <p><strong>Note:</strong> Do not use this attribute as it is obsolete (and not supported) in the latest standard.</p> </div> </dd> <dt id="charoff">
<a href="#charoff"><code>charoff</code></a> <abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr>
</dt> <dd> <p>This attribute is used to indicate the number of characters to offset the column data from the alignment characters specified by the <strong>char</strong> attribute.</p> <div class="notecard note" id="sect4"> <p><strong>Note:</strong> Do not use this attribute as it is obsolete (and not supported) in the latest standard.</p> </div> </dd> <dt id="valign">
<a href="#valign"><code>valign</code></a> <abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr>
</dt> <dd> <p>This attribute specifies the vertical alignment of the text within each row of cells of the table header. Possible values for this attribute are:</p> <ul> <li>
<code>baseline</code>, which will put the text as close to the bottom of the cell as it is possible, but align it on the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseline_%28typography%29" target="_blank">baseline</a> of the characters instead of the bottom of them. If characters are all of the size, this has the same effect as <code>bottom</code>.</li> <li>
<code>bottom</code>, which will put the text as close to the bottom of the cell as it is possible;</li> <li>
<code>middle</code>, which will center the text in the cell;</li> <li>
<code>top</code>, which will put the text as close to the top of the cell as it is possible.</li> </ul> <div class="notecard note" id="sect5"> <p><strong>Note:</strong> Do not use this attribute as it is obsolete (and not supported) in the latest standard: instead set the CSS <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/vertical-align"><code>vertical-align</code></a> property on it.</p> </div> </dd> </dl></div>
<h2 id="examples">Examples</h2>
<div class="section-content"><p>See <a href="table"><code>&lt;table&gt;</code></a> for examples on <code>&lt;thead&gt;</code>.</p></div>
<h2 id="technical_summary">Technical summary</h2>
<div class="section-content"><figure class="table-container"><div class="_table"><table class="properties"> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="../content_categories">Content categories</a></th> <td>None.</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Permitted content</th> <td>Zero or more <a href="tr"><code>&lt;tr&gt;</code></a> elements.</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Tag omission</th> <td> The start tag is mandatory. The end tag may be omitted if the <a href="thead" aria-current="page"><code>&lt;thead&gt;</code></a> element is immediately followed by a <a href="tbody"><code>&lt;tbody&gt;</code></a> or <a href="tfoot"><code>&lt;tfoot&gt;</code></a> element. </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Permitted parents</th> <td> A <a href="table"><code>&lt;table&gt;</code></a> element. The <a href="thead" aria-current="page"><code>&lt;thead&gt;</code></a> must appear after any <a href="caption"><code>&lt;caption&gt;</code></a> or <a href="colgroup"><code>&lt;colgroup&gt;</code></a> element, even implicitly defined, but before any <a href="tbody"><code>&lt;tbody&gt;</code></a>, <a href="tfoot"><code>&lt;tfoot&gt;</code></a> and <a href="tr"><code>&lt;tr&gt;</code></a> element. </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Implicit ARIA role</th> <td><code><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Accessibility/ARIA/Roles/rowgroup_role">rowgroup</a></code></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Permitted ARIA roles</th> <td>Any</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">DOM interface</th> <td><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLTableSectionElement"><code>HTMLTableSectionElement</code></a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div></figure></div>
<h2 id="specifications">Specifications</h2>
<div class="_table"><table class="standard-table">
<thead><tr><th scope="col">Specification</th></tr></thead>
<tbody><tr><td><a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/tables.html#the-thead-element">HTML Standard <br><small># the-thead-element</small></a></td></tr></tbody>
</table></div>
<h2 id="browser_compatibility">Browser compatibility</h2>
<div class="_table"><table>
<thead>
<tr id="bct-browser-type">
<th></th>
<th colspan="6">Desktop</th>
<th colspan="6">Mobile</th>
</tr>
<tr id="bct-browsers">
<th></th>
<th>Chrome</th>
<th>Edge</th>
<th>Firefox</th>
<th>Internet Explorer</th>
<th>Opera</th>
<th>Safari</th>
<th>WebView Android</th>
<th>Chrome Android</th>
<th>Firefox for Android</th>
<th>Opera Android</th>
<th>Safari on IOS</th>
<th>Samsung Internet</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th><code>thead</code></th>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">1</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">12</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">1</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">Yes</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">≤12.1</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes"><details><summary>1</summary>Backgrounds applied to <code>&lt;thead&gt;</code> elements will be applied to each table cell, rather than the entire header. To mimic the behavior of other browsers, set the <code>background-attachment</code> CSS property to <code>fixed</code>.</details></td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">4.4</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">18</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">4</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">≤12.1</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes"><details><summary>1</summary>Backgrounds applied to <code>&lt;thead&gt;</code> elements will be applied to each table cell, rather than the entire header. To mimic the behavior of other browsers, set the <code>background-attachment</code> CSS property to <code>fixed</code>.</details></td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">1.0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><code>align</code></th>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">1</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">12</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">1</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">Yes</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">15</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">3</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">4.4</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">18</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">4</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">14</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">2</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">1.0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><code>bgcolor</code></th>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">1</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">12</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">1</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">Yes</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">≤15</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">1</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">4.4</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">18</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">4</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">≤14</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">1</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">1.0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><code>char</code></th>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">1</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">12</td>
<td class="bc-supports-no">No</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">Yes</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">15</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">≤4</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">4.4</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">18</td>
<td class="bc-supports-no">No</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">14</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">≤3.2</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">1.0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><code>charoff</code></th>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">1</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">12</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">1</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">Yes</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">15</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">≤4</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">4.4</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">18</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">4</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">14</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">≤3.2</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">1.0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><code>valign</code></th>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">1</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">12</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">1</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">Yes</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">15</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">3</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">4.4</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">18</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">4</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">14</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">2</td>
<td class="bc-supports-yes">1.0</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
<h2 id="see_also">See also</h2>
<div class="section-content"><ul> <li>Other table-related HTML Elements: <a href="caption"><code>&lt;caption&gt;</code></a>, <a href="col"><code>&lt;col&gt;</code></a>, <a href="colgroup"><code>&lt;colgroup&gt;</code></a>, <a href="table"><code>&lt;table&gt;</code></a>, <a href="tbody"><code>&lt;tbody&gt;</code></a>, <a href="td"><code>&lt;td&gt;</code></a>, <a href="tfoot"><code>&lt;tfoot&gt;</code></a>, <a href="th"><code>&lt;th&gt;</code></a>, <a href="tr"><code>&lt;tr&gt;</code></a>;</li> <li>CSS properties and pseudo-classes that may be specially useful to style the <code>&lt;thead&gt;</code> element: <ul> <li>the <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/:nth-child"><code>:nth-child</code></a> pseudo-class to set the alignment on the cells of the column;</li> <li>the <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/text-align"><code>text-align</code></a> property to align all cells content on the same character, like '.'.</li> </ul> </li> </ul></div><div class="_attribution">
  <p class="_attribution-p">
    &copy; 2005&ndash;2023 MDN contributors.<br>Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License v2.5 or later.<br>
    <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/thead" class="_attribution-link">https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/thead</a>
  </p>
</div>