feat(modeline): surface flycheck status in the custom modeline

The custom modeline builds `mode-line-format` from explicit segments
and skips `minor-mode-alist`, so flycheck's lighter never appears.
That hid error and warning counts even in buffers where flycheck was
auto-enabling (every emacs-lisp and sh buffer).

The fix is Option 4 from the design doc: customize the flycheck
modeline variables, then add a single guarded `(:eval ...)` form to
`mode-line-format`.  Five new lines total, two-file change.

`modules/flycheck-config.el` :custom block gets:
  (flycheck-mode-line-prefix "🐛")
  (flycheck-mode-success-indicator " ✓")
`flycheck-mode-line-color` stays default-t so error / warning counts
pick up their faces automatically.

`modules/modeline-config.el` `mode-line-format` gets an `(:eval ...)`
between the recording indicator and `cj/modeline-vc-branch`:

  (:eval (when (and (mode-line-window-selected-p)
                    (bound-and-true-p flycheck-mode))
           (flycheck-mode-line-status-text)))

The `mode-line-window-selected-p` guard mirrors `cj/modeline-vc-branch`
and `cj/modeline-misc-info` -- segments hide in inactive windows.
The `bound-and-true-p flycheck-mode` guard keeps the form silent in
buffers where flycheck hasn't loaded or isn't enabled, which is
safer than referencing `flycheck-mode` directly.

The `(:eval ...)` is inline rather than a named `defvar-local`, so no
addition to the risky-local-variable list is needed.

`tests/test-modeline-config-flycheck-segment.el` -- 3 smoke tests
asserting the segment is present and both guards are in place.  All
existing tests stay green.

Manual verification (per the design doc) is the user's call -- the
emoji prefix and the colored count behavior need a running GUI Emacs
to observe.

3 files changed, 48 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/modules/flycheck-config.el b/modules/flycheck-config.el
index 8c3e2a7b8..e6dfb25e2 100644
--- a/modules/flycheck-config.el
+++ b/modules/flycheck-config.el
@@ -56,6 +56,11 @@
   (checkdoc-arguments
    '(("sentence-end-double-space" nil)
      ("warn-escape"               nil)))
+  ;; Modeline customization (rendered via mode-line-format in modeline-config.el).
+  ;; The count portion picks up `error' / `warning' faces because
+  ;; `flycheck-mode-line-color' stays t (the default).
+  (flycheck-mode-line-prefix "🐛")
+  (flycheck-mode-success-indicator " ✓")
   :config
 
   ;; use the load-path of the currently running Emacs instance
diff --git a/modules/modeline-config.el b/modules/modeline-config.el
index 7fc755949..771d960f0 100644
--- a/modules/modeline-config.el
+++ b/modules/modeline-config.el
@@ -231,6 +231,13 @@ Shows only in active window.")
     mode-line-format-right-align
     (:eval (when (fboundp 'cj/recording-modeline-indicator)
              (cj/recording-modeline-indicator)))
+    ;; Flycheck status: prefix + counts (or success indicator).  Gated
+    ;; to the active window, and to buffers where flycheck has loaded
+    ;; and turned on, so the call is safe even before flycheck loads.
+    (:eval (when (and (mode-line-window-selected-p)
+                      (bound-and-true-p flycheck-mode))
+             (flycheck-mode-line-status-text)))
+    "  "
     cj/modeline-vc-branch
     "  "
     cj/modeline-misc-info
diff --git a/tests/test-modeline-config-flycheck-segment.el b/tests/test-modeline-config-flycheck-segment.el
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..208deaa72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test-modeline-config-flycheck-segment.el
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+;;; test-modeline-config-flycheck-segment.el --- Flycheck segment in modeline -*- lexical-binding: t; -*-
+
+;;; Commentary:
+;; Smoke test that the custom modeline's `mode-line-format' includes
+;; a guarded reference to `flycheck-mode-line-status-text', and that
+;; the guard requires both `mode-line-window-selected-p' and
+;; `bound-and-true-p flycheck-mode'.  See
+;; docs/design/flycheck-modeline-customization.org for the design.
+
+;;; Code:
+
+(require 'ert)
+
+(add-to-list 'load-path (expand-file-name "modules" user-emacs-directory))
+
+(require 'modeline-config)
+
+(ert-deftest test-modeline-config-flycheck-segment-present ()
+  "`mode-line-format' contains an :eval form invoking flycheck-mode-line-status-text."
+  (let ((printed (format "%S" (default-value 'mode-line-format))))
+    (should (string-match-p "flycheck-mode-line-status-text" printed))))
+
+(ert-deftest test-modeline-config-flycheck-segment-guarded-by-active-window ()
+  "Flycheck segment gates on `mode-line-window-selected-p'."
+  (let ((printed (format "%S" (default-value 'mode-line-format))))
+    (should (string-match-p "mode-line-window-selected-p" printed))))
+
+(ert-deftest test-modeline-config-flycheck-segment-guarded-by-flycheck-mode ()
+  "Flycheck segment gates on `bound-and-true-p flycheck-mode'.
+The `bound-and-true-p' guard makes the form safe in buffers where
+flycheck never loaded."
+  (let ((printed (format "%S" (default-value 'mode-line-format))))
+    (should (string-match-p "bound-and-true-p flycheck-mode" printed))))
+
+(provide 'test-modeline-config-flycheck-segment)
+;;; test-modeline-config-flycheck-segment.el ends here