feat(theme-studio): add the background-contrast safety core

A background overlay sits behind many foregrounds at once, so its real constraint is the worst-case contrast over the whole set, not the single fg/bg pair the contrast cell shows today. Phase 3 adds three pure functions in app-core.js for that.

fgSetFor(face, state) builds a covered face's foreground set: the distinct syntax-token colors plus the default foreground, each labeled by syntax role. It returns a structured reason ('out-of-scope' or 'empty') rather than a bogus set when the face isn't covered or has no syntax assignments. floor(bgHex, fgSet) returns the minimum WCAG contrast over that set with the limiting foreground's hex and label. lMax(hue, chroma, fgSet, target) finds the lightest background that still clears the target, scanning L up from black to bracket the dark-side crossing then binary-searching it, and reports status ok/none/all/clamp.

state is passed explicitly (covered set, syntax assignments, default fg) so the functions read no globals and the Node tests stay direct. The closed five-face covered set lives here as COVERED_FACES, shared with app.js. Tests include the sterling keyword-blue worst case as a fixture, plus lMax's none/all/clamp branches.

1 files changed, 56 insertions, 2 deletions

diff --git a/scripts/theme-studio/app-core.js b/scripts/theme-studio/app-core.js
index 7c3bcc45..83f8402d 100644
--- a/scripts/theme-studio/app-core.js
+++ b/scripts/theme-studio/app-core.js
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 // where normHex (app-util.js) and the colormath helpers are already present from
 // the bodies inlined above this one.
 import { normHex } from './app-util.js';
-import { oklch2hex, srgb2oklab, oklab2oklch } from './colormath.js';
+import { oklch2hex, srgb2oklab, oklab2oklch, contrast } from './colormath.js';
 
 // Resolve a palette name (or a raw #hex) to a hex; null when the name is unknown.
 function nameToHex(n,palette){if(!n)return null;if(/^#/.test(n))return n;const p=palette.find(p=>p[1]===n);return p?p[0]:null;}
@@ -67,4 +67,58 @@ function ramp(baseHex,opts){
   return {steps,adjusted};
 }
 
-export { nameToHex, buildPkgmap, packagesForExport, mergePackagesInto, effResolve, optList, slugify, ramp };
+// --- background-contrast safety (palette-ramps spec, Phase 3) ----------------
+// An overlay background sits behind many foregrounds at once, so its real
+// constraint is the worst-case contrast over the whole set, not one fg/bg pair.
+
+// The closed v1 set of code-overlay faces whose worst-case floor we compute.
+// Other overlay faces (secondary-selection, isearch-fail, ...) are vNext, added
+// explicitly rather than by a heuristic. Shared by app.js and the tests.
+const COVERED_FACES=['region','hl-line','highlight','lazy-highlight','isearch'];
+
+// A covered face's foreground set: the distinct syntax-token colors plus the
+// default foreground, each labeled (syntax role preferred, else 'default').
+// state = {covered:[face], syntaxAssignments:[{role,hex}], defaultFg}. Returns
+// {set:[{hex,label}]}, or {set:[],reason} where reason is 'out-of-scope' (the
+// face isn't in the covered set) or 'empty' (no syntax assignments constrain it).
+function fgSetFor(face,state){
+  const covered=(state&&state.covered)||COVERED_FACES;
+  if(!covered.includes(face))return {set:[],reason:'out-of-scope'};
+  const syn=((state&&state.syntaxAssignments)||[]).filter(a=>a&&a.hex);
+  if(!syn.length)return {set:[],reason:'empty'};
+  const byHex=new Map();
+  const add=(hex,label,isRole)=>{const k=hex.toLowerCase(),cur=byHex.get(k);if(!cur)byHex.set(k,{hex:k,label});else if(isRole&&cur.label==='default')cur.label=label;};
+  if(state&&state.defaultFg)add(state.defaultFg,'default',false);
+  for(const a of syn)add(a.hex,a.role||a.hex,true);
+  return {set:[...byHex.values()]};
+}
+
+// Worst-case (minimum) WCAG contrast of a background against a foreground set,
+// with the limiting foreground's hex and label. fgSet is fgSetFor's set. An empty
+// set returns nulls so the caller can show the no-set readout instead of a floor.
+function floor(bgHex,fgSet){
+  if(!fgSet||!fgSet.length)return {ratio:null,limitingHex:null,limitingLabel:null};
+  let best=Infinity,lh=null,ll=null;
+  for(const f of fgSet){const r=contrast(f.hex,bgHex);if(r<best){best=r;lh=f.hex;ll=f.label;}}
+  return {ratio:best,limitingHex:lh,limitingLabel:ll};
+}
+
+// The lightest background at (hue, chroma) whose worst-case floor over fgSet still
+// clears target (a WCAG ratio). Scans L up from black to bracket the first
+// dark-side crossing, then binary-searches it to tol 0.001. status:
+//   'ok'    - a ceiling L was found
+//   'none'  - even pure black fails (a foreground is too dark for the target)
+//   'all'   - no foreground set to constrain (vacuously safe everywhere)
+//   'clamp' - the ceiling L can't hold the requested chroma (gamut-clamped there)
+function lMax(hue,chroma,fgSet,target){
+  if(!fgSet||!fgSet.length)return {L:1,status:'all'};
+  const at=(L)=>{const {hex,clamped}=oklch2hex(L,chroma,hue);return {r:floor(hex,fgSet).ratio,clamped};};
+  if(at(0).r<target)return {L:null,status:'none'};
+  let loL=0,hiL=null;
+  for(let L=0.01;L<=1+1e-9;L+=0.01){const c=Math.min(L,1);if(at(c).r<target){hiL=c;break;}loL=c;}
+  if(hiL===null)return {L:1,status:'all'};
+  for(let i=0;i<20;i++){const mid=(loL+hiL)/2;if(at(mid).r>=target)loL=mid;else hiL=mid;}
+  return {L:loL,status:at(loL).clamped?'clamp':'ok'};
+}
+
+export { nameToHex, buildPkgmap, packagesForExport, mergePackagesInto, effResolve, optList, slugify, ramp, fgSetFor, floor, lMax, COVERED_FACES };