feat(modeline): mode icons, status segments, and a repair command

I rebuilt the custom modeline as pure segment helpers with thin :eval wiring:

- The nerd-icons mode icon replaces the mode-name text (cached per buffer, plain name on terminal frames), with the full mode name in the help-echo.
- New left-side segments: modified dot / read-only lock (file buffers only), remote @host tag, Narrow tag that widens on click, point-based percentage, region selection info, and a MACRO tag while a keyboard macro records.
- New right-side segments: mode-line-process (eat and compilation state was invisible) and flycheck per-severity counts with click-through to the error list, replacing the stock status text. Glyphs are nerd-icons private-use codepoints so emojify can't rewrite them, with text fallbacks when icons are unavailable.
- cj/modeline-reset kills a hijacked buffer-local mode-line-format (two-column mode, ediff, calc).
- Optional taller bar via cj/modeline-height-factor, a display height property on the padding space so the theme's mode-line faces stay untouched.
- Housekeeping: the dead user-constants require and stale commentary are gone, cj/modeline-vc-faces left the risky-local-variable list, and the cache-key defun is cj/--modeline-vc-cache-key so it no longer shadows the same-named defvar.

Percent signs from :eval strings go through the mode-line %-construct pass, so the position segment emits %% for a literal percent.

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