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+;;; test-gloss-fetch--definitions-429-returns-rate-limited.el --- 429 path -*- lexical-binding: t -*-
+
+;; SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
+
+;;; Commentary:
+;; HTTP 429 is its own per-source status (`:rate-limited'), separated
+;; from `:server-error' so the v2 user-facing wording can call it out
+;; distinctly.  At the rollup it joins :failed.
+
+;;; Code:
+
+(require 'ert)
+(require 'cl-lib)
+(require 'gloss-fetch)
+(require 'testutil-gloss-fetch)
+
+(ert-deftest test-gloss-fetch-definitions-429-rolls-up-to-failed ()
+  "Normal: HTTP 429 maps the source to :rate-limited, which joins :failed."
+  (gloss-fetch-test--with-mocked-url
+      (lambda (_url)
+        (gloss-fetch-test--status-response "HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests" ""))
+    (let ((result (gloss-fetch-definitions "anaphora")))
+      (should (eq (car result) :empty))
+      (should (member 'wiktionary (plist-get result :failed)))
+      (should-not (plist-get result :no-defs)))))
+
+(ert-deftest test-gloss-fetch-definitions-429-tracked-separately-internally ()
+  "Boundary: per-source status taxonomy distinguishes :rate-limited from :server-error.
+
+Verifies the internal walker exposes the per-source result so the
+debug log can carry the right tag.  Calls
+`gloss-fetch--collect' (the internal entry point that returns the
+per-source result list) and inspects the :status field."
+  (gloss-fetch-test--with-mocked-url
+      (lambda (_url)
+        (gloss-fetch-test--status-response "HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests" ""))
+    (let* ((per-source (gloss-fetch--collect "anaphora"))
+           (entry (car per-source)))
+      (should (eq (plist-get entry :source) 'wiktionary))
+      (should (eq (plist-get entry :status) :rate-limited)))))
+
+(provide 'test-gloss-fetch--definitions-429-returns-rate-limited)
+;;; test-gloss-fetch--definitions-429-returns-rate-limited.el ends here